{ "feedVersion": "1", "generatedAt": "2026-06-20T09:03:39.068Z", "lastVerifiedAt": "2026-06-17", "defaultLocale": "en", "count": 173, "items": [ { "id": "welcome-newsroom", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06-18", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "How the newsroom publishes", "ko": "뉴스룸은 어떻게 발행하는가" }, "summary": { "en": "A short note on how this newsroom works — milestone notes are auto-drafted from verified data, explainers and analysis are written here as Markdown, and every figure links to a primary source.", "ko": "이 뉴스룸이 작동하는 방식에 대한 짧은 글 — 마일스톤 단신은 검증된 데이터에서 자동 초안이 만들어지고, 해설과 분석은 이곳에서 마크다운으로 작성되며, 모든 수치는 1차 출처로 연결됩니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/welcome-newsroom", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/welcome-newsroom" }, "source": { "url": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/about", "type": "analysis", "publisher": "Frontier Milestones Newsroom", "publishedDate": "2026-06-18" } }, { "id": "f-helion-license-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "World's first regulatory licenses for a fusion power plant", "ko": "핵융합 발전소 세계 첫 규제 라이선스" }, "summary": { "en": "Helion Energy / Washington DOH — Helion secured the licenses to build and operate its Orion plant in Malaga, WA — a Radioactive Materials License and a Radioactive Air Emissions License from the Washington Department of Health — the first US (and world) fusion firm to clear full plant licensing. Under the NRC's decision to regulate fusion like particle accelerators rather than fission reactors, the state DOH is the licensing body. Electricity to Microsoft is targeted by 2028.", "ko": "Helion Energy / 워싱턴주 보건부 — Helion이 워싱턴 Malaga의 Orion 발전소 건설·운영 라이선스 확보 — 워싱턴주 보건부(DOH)의 방사성물질 라이선스(RML)와 방사성 대기배출 라이선스(RAEL) — 발전소 전체 인허가를 통과한 첫 미국(및 세계) 핵융합 기업. NRC가 핵융합을 핵분열로가 아닌 입자가속기처럼 규제하기로 해 주 보건부가 인허가 주체. 2028년 마이크로소프트 전력공급 목표." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-helion-license-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-helion-license-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "helion" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2026/helion-secures-worlds-first-regulatory-licenses-for-fusion-power-plant-being-built-in-washington/", "type": "press", "publisher": "GeekWire", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "f-xcimer-phoenix-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Phoenix online — world's largest private laser system", "ko": "Phoenix 가동 — 세계 최대 민간 레이저 시스템" }, "summary": { "en": "Xcimer Energy — Phoenix, a prototype for industrial-scale laser fusion, begins operations — demonstrating end-to-end KrF excimer amplification plus Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) pulse compression at >1 kJ through a 38 m gas optic (record energy and scale for SBS). First step toward the Vulcan laser and the Athena power plant; the gas-laser path targets lower cost than solid-state drivers.", "ko": "Xcimer Energy — 산업 규모 레이저 핵융합 프로토타입 Phoenix 가동 — KrF 엑시머 증폭과 유도 브릴루앙 산란(SBS) 펄스 압축을 38 m 기체 광학계로 >1 kJ에서 통합 실증(SBS 사상 최고 에너지·최대 규모). Vulcan 레이저와 Athena 발전소로 가는 첫걸음; 기체 레이저 방식으로 고체 드라이버보다 낮은 비용을 노림." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-xcimer-phoenix-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-xcimer-phoenix-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "xcimer" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.powermag.com/xcimer-energy-starts-operations-of-prototype-for-laser-fusion-architecture/", "type": "press", "publisher": "POWER Magazine / Xcimer Energy", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "f-xcimer-doe-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "DOE approves first private fusion-plant design review", "ko": "DOE, 첫 민간 핵융합 발전소 설계심사 승인" }, "summary": { "en": "Xcimer / US DOE — The DOE accepted Xcimer's 724-page preconceptual design and technology roadmap for Athena, its laser-fusion power-plant architecture — billed as the industry's most comprehensive government review of a privately-developed fusion plant, under the DOE Fusion Milestone Development Program.", "ko": "Xcimer / 美 에너지부 — DOE가 Xcimer의 레이저 핵융합 발전소 아키텍처 Athena의 724쪽 예비설계·기술 로드맵을 승인 — DOE 핵융합 마일스톤 개발 프로그램 하에서, 민간 개발 핵융합 발전소에 대한 업계 최대 규모 정부 심사로 평가." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-xcimer-doe-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-xcimer-doe-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "xcimer" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-06-10/article-8111/does-latest-fusion-strategy-aims-for-commercial-energy-by-the-2030s/", "type": "press", "publisher": "ANS / Xcimer / DOE", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "f-germany-ipcei-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Germany joins EU fusion IPCEI — multi-billion-euro public push", "ko": "독일, EU 핵융합 IPCEI 합류 — 수십억 유로 공공 투자" }, "summary": { "en": "Germany / EU — Germany joins the EU 'Innovative Core Technologies' IPCEI, focused exclusively on fusion (not fission) — roughly €2.4B this legislative period, part of >€2B pledged for fusion R&D and pilots through 2029. National projects start 2027; the government's stated aim is to host the world's first fusion power plant.", "ko": "독일 / EU — 독일이 EU '혁신 핵심기술' IPCEI에 합류 — 핵분열 제외, 핵융합 전용. 이번 회기에만 약 €2.4B, 2029년까지 핵융합 R&D·시범사업에 €2B+ 약속의 일부. 국가 프로젝트는 2027년 시작, 정부 목표는 세계 첫 핵융합 발전소 유치." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-germany-ipcei-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-germany-ipcei-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "source": { "url": "https://www.fusionindustryassociation.org/germany-joins-eu-important-project-of-common-european-interest-in-support-of-fusion/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Fusion Industry Association", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "f-helion-seriesg-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "$465M Series G at $15.5B valuation", "ko": "$465M 시리즈 G, 기업가치 $15.5B" }, "summary": { "en": "Helion Energy — Thrive Capital-led $465M Series G nearly triples Helion's valuation to $15.5B and brings total raised to ~$1.5B, funding manufacturing scale-up toward its 2028 power deal with Microsoft.", "ko": "Helion Energy — Thrive Capital 주도 $465M 시리즈 G로 기업가치가 $15.5B로 약 3배 상승, 누적 조달 ~$1.5B. 2028년 마이크로소프트 전력공급을 향한 제조 확장에 투입." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-helion-seriesg-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-helion-seriesg-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "helion" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.helionenergy.com/newsroom/helion-raises-465-million-series-g-funding-round-to-meet-surging-global-demand-for-power", "type": "press", "publisher": "Helion Energy", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "f-cfs-arc-papers-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "ARC physics validated in 5 peer-reviewed papers", "ko": "ARC 물리, 동료심사 논문 5편으로 검증" }, "summary": { "en": "Commonwealth Fusion Systems — CFS published five peer-reviewed papers (58 authors, a Journal of Plasma Physics special issue) laying the physics basis for ARC — its first commercial plant, designed to deliver 400 MW net to the grid in the early 2030s — building on lessons from SPARC.", "ko": "Commonwealth Fusion Systems — CFS가 동료심사 논문 5편(저자 58명, Journal of Plasma Physics 특별호)을 발표해 ARC의 물리 기반을 제시 — SPARC 경험을 토대로, 2030년대 초 계통에 400 MW 순전력을 공급하도록 설계된 첫 상업 발전소." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-cfs-arc-papers-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-cfs-arc-papers-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "cfs" ], "source": { "url": "https://cfs.energy/news-and-media/commonwealth-fusion-systems-builds-on-learnings-from-sparc-to-publish-five-peer-reviewed-papers-validating-the-physics-of-the-arc-fusion-power-plant/", "type": "paper", "publisher": "CFS / Journal of Plasma Physics", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "f-avalanche-1kev-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Desktop fusion device exceeds 1 keV ion temperature", "ko": "데스크톱 핵융합 장치, 이온온도 1 keV 돌파" }, "summary": { "en": "Avalanche Energy — Avalanche's compact Orbitron device \"Jyn\" measured apparent ion temperatures above 1 keV (~11M°C, hotter than the Sun's core) — the community's take-notice threshold, hit in a desktop-sized machine.", "ko": "Avalanche Energy — Avalanche의 소형 Orbitron 장치 \"Jyn\"이 겉보기 이온온도 1 keV(~1,100만°C, 태양 핵보다 뜨거움) 초과 측정 — 업계가 주목하는 문턱값을 데스크톱 크기 장치로 달성." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-avalanche-1kev-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-avalanche-1kev-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "avalanche-energy" ], "source": { "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/06/10/avalanches-desktop-fusion-reactor-delivers-blistering-hot-plasma/", "type": "press", "publisher": "TechCrunch / Avalanche Energy", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "f-pacific-440gw-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Highest single-step pulsed-power driver (440 GW)", "ko": "최고 출력 단일단 펄스파워 드라이버 (440 GW)" }, "summary": { "en": "Pacific Fusion — Pacific Fusion's pulser-module prototype (9 stages, 90 bricks) delivered 440 GW in an 80 ns burst — the highest-power single-step pulsed-power driver ever demonstrated — validating its trigger sync and unlocking a tranche of its >$1B Series A; demo-facility construction starts this summer.", "ko": "Pacific Fusion — Pacific Fusion의 펄서 모듈 프로토타입(9단·90브릭)이 80ns 동안 440 GW 방출 — 역대 최고 출력의 단일단 펄스파워 드라이버 실증. 트리거 동기화 검증으로 >$1B 시리즈 A 트랜치 해제, 올여름 실증시설 착공." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-pacific-440gw-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-pacific-440gw-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "pacific-fusion" ], "source": { "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/06/02/pacific-fusions-latest-prototype-packs-440-gigawatts-into-an-80-nanosecond-burst/", "type": "press", "publisher": "TechCrunch / Pacific Fusion", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "q-qec-800x-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "800x logical-vs-physical error suppression", "ko": "논리·물리 오류율 800배 격차" }, "summary": { "en": "Microsoft / Quantinuum — Peer-reviewed in Nature: error correction (carbon & tesseract codes) cut logical error rates up to 800x below the underlying physical qubits on Quantinuum trapped-ion hardware - the largest physical-to-logical gap yet independently validated, with repeated mid-circuit correction across up to 12 logical qubits.", "ko": "Microsoft / Quantinuum — Nature 게재: 오류정정(carbon·tesseract 코드)으로 Quantinuum 트랩이온 하드웨어에서 논리 오류율을 물리 큐빗 대비 최대 800배 낮춤 - 독립 검증된 사상 최대 물리-논리 격차, 최대 12개 논리 큐빗에서 회로 중간 반복 정정." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-qec-800x-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-qec-800x-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "quantinuum" ], "source": { "url": "https://quantumcomputingreport.com/microsoft-and-quantinuum-publish-peer-reviewed-quantum-error-correction-data-in-nature/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Quantum Computing Report", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "q-atom-toric-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First neutral-atom error correction (toric code)", "ko": "중성원자 첫 오류정정 (토릭 부호)" }, "summary": { "en": "Atom Computing — Atom Computing demonstrated sustained multi-round quantum error correction with a toric code on neutral atoms — logical error rates falling as the system scales up (sub-threshold), a first for the neutral-atom platform.", "ko": "Atom Computing — Atom Computing이 중성원자에서 토릭 부호로 다회 지속 오류정정 실증 — 시스템 확장에 따라 논리 오류율이 감소(임계 이하), 중성원자 플랫폼 최초." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-atom-toric-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-atom-toric-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "atom-computing" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/atom-computing-reveals-quantum-error-correction-with-toric-code-302789413.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "Atom Computing", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "q-quantinuum-ipo-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First major quantum IPO — $1.68B on Nasdaq", "ko": "첫 대형 양자 IPO — 나스닥 $1.68B" }, "summary": { "en": "Quantinuum — Quantinuum priced an upsized IPO at $60/share, raising $1.68B on Nasdaq (QNT) at a ~$15.7B market value — the quantum industry's first mega-IPO. Honeywell retains ~48% voting power.", "ko": "Quantinuum — Quantinuum이 주당 $60에 증액 IPO — 나스닥(QNT)에서 $1.68B 조달, 시가총액 ~$15.7B. 양자 업계 첫 메가 IPO. Honeywell이 의결권 ~48% 유지." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-quantinuum-ipo-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-quantinuum-ipo-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "quantinuum" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/06/04/quantinuum-qnt-stock-first-trade-ipo.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "CNBC / Quantinuum", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "q-iqm-ornl-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First commercially-procured quantum computer at a US national lab", "ko": "미국 국립연구소 첫 상용 조달 양자컴퓨터" }, "summary": { "en": "IQM / Oak Ridge National Laboratory — A 20-qubit IQM Radiance system (\"Pathfinder\") went live at Oak Ridge National Laboratory on 16 Jun 2026 — Finnish superconducting maker IQM's first US installation and the first commercially-procured quantum computer at the lab. It is co-located with Frontier, the world's most powerful open-science supercomputer, for HPC–quantum integration in the National Center for Computational Sciences test bed. The deployment comes ahead of IQM's planned Nasdaq listing via a business combination with Real Asset Acquisition Corp. (RAAQ).", "ko": "IQM / 오크리지 국립연구소 — 20큐빗 IQM Radiance 시스템(\"Pathfinder\")이 2026년 6월 16일 오크리지 국립연구소에서 가동 개시 — 핀란드 초전도 기업 IQM의 첫 미국 설치이자 해당 연구소 첫 상용 조달 양자컴퓨터. 세계 최강 오픈사이언스 슈퍼컴 Frontier와 같은 전산센터(NCCS 테스트베드)에 병설해 HPC–양자 통합 추진. 이번 배포는 IQM의 Real Asset Acquisition Corp.(RAAQ) 합병을 통한 나스닥 상장 추진을 앞두고 이뤄짐." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-iqm-ornl-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-iqm-ornl-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "iqm" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260616373175/en/IQM-Deploys-Its-First-U.S.-Quantum-Computer-at-Oak-Ridge-National-Laboratory", "type": "press", "publisher": "IQM / Business Wire", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "q-ionq-clavis-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "QKD that shares existing metro fiber (Clavis XG Multiplex)", "ko": "기존 메트로 광케이블을 공유하는 QKD (Clavis XG Multiplex)" }, "summary": { "en": "IonQ — IonQ launched Clavis XG Multiplex, letting quantum-key-distribution traffic run alongside classical data on existing metropolitan fiber — so operators need not redesign, isolate or dedicate optical networks for quantum security. Paired with its Clarion KX key-exchange platform, it targets the \"harvest-now, decrypt-later\" threat and aims to move customers from QKD pilots to production deployment.", "ko": "IonQ — IonQ가 Clavis XG Multiplex 출시 — 양자키분배(QKD) 트래픽을 기존 메트로 광케이블에서 일반 데이터와 동시 전송, 운영자가 양자 보안을 위해 광망을 재설계·분리·전용화할 필요가 없게 함. 자사 Clarion KX 키교환 플랫폼과 결합해 \"지금 수집·나중 복호\" 위협에 대응하고 QKD를 시범에서 실운영으로 전환하는 것을 목표로 함." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-ionq-clavis-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-ionq-clavis-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "ionq" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/IONQ/ion-q-introduces-clavis-xg-multiplex-making-quantum-security-jzsjtyj36aqy.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "IonQ", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "q-alicebob-genci-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First state acquisition of a cat-qubit quantum computer", "ko": "cat-큐빗 양자컴퓨터 첫 국가 조달" }, "summary": { "en": "Alice & Bob / GENCI (France) — France's HPC agency GENCI signed a public procurement (at VivaTech 2026) for an 18-cat-qubit Alice & Bob system — the world's first formal state acquisition of error-biased cat-qubit hardware, funded via France 2030's HQI (Hybrid HPC-Quantum) initiative. It will be installed at the CEA's TGCC center (Bruyères-le-Châtel) and hybridized with the Joliot-Curie supercomputer, accessible to researchers in 2027 — billed as the first early fault-tolerant QC (eFTQC) permanently sited in a European supercomputing center.", "ko": "Alice & Bob / GENCI (프랑스) — 프랑스 HPC 기관 GENCI가 (VivaTech 2026에서) 18-cat-큐빗 Alice & Bob 시스템 공공조달 계약 체결 — 오류편향 cat-큐빗 하드웨어의 세계 첫 공식 국가 조달, France 2030의 HQI(하이브리드 HPC-양자) 사업으로 자금 지원. CEA TGCC 센터(Bruyères-le-Châtel)에 설치돼 Joliot-Curie 슈퍼컴과 하이브리드 연동, 2027년 연구자 접근 개시 — 유럽 슈퍼컴퓨팅 센터에 상설 설치되는 첫 초기 내고장성 양자컴(eFTQC)으로 소개됨." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-alicebob-genci-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-alicebob-genci-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "alice-bob" ], "source": { "url": "https://quantumcomputingreport.com/france-finalizes-world-first-acquisition-of-alice-bob-cat-qubit-quantum-computer-under-hqi-initiative/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Quantum Computing Report / Alice & Bob / GENCI", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "s-uzbek-smr-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "World's first export SMR construction begins", "ko": "세계 첫 수출형 SMR 건설 시작" }, "summary": { "en": "Rosatom / Uzbekistan — First safety concrete was poured at the Jizzakh site near Lake Tuzkan — the first plant built anywhere under an export SMR contract. Rosatom is supplying two RITM-200N reactors (2×55 MWe) alongside two VVER-1000s for a 2.1 GW hybrid plant; first unit targeted for 2029.", "ko": "Rosatom / 우즈베키스탄 — 투즈칸 호수 인근 지작 부지에서 첫 안전 콘크리트 타설 — 세계 최초로 수출형 SMR 계약에 따라 건설되는 발전소. Rosatom이 RITM-200N 2기(2×55 MWe)와 VVER-1000 2기를 공급해 2.1 GW 하이브리드 발전소 구성, 1호기 2029년 목표." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-uzbek-smr-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-uzbek-smr-2026" }, "fieldId": "smr", "source": { "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/ceremony-to-mark-first-concrete-for-uzbekistan-smr", "type": "press", "publisher": "World Nuclear News", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "s-antares-criticality-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First new advanced-reactor design reaches criticality", "ko": "신규 첨단원자로 설계, 첫 임계 도달" }, "summary": { "en": "Antares / Idaho National Lab — Antares' Mark 0 test reactor at Idaho National Laboratory achieved first criticality — a self-sustaining nuclear reaction and the first new US advanced-reactor design to cross the threshold (it is not yet generating power).", "ko": "Antares / 아이다호 국립연구소 — Antares의 Mark 0 시험로가 아이다호 국립연구소에서 첫 임계 도달 — 자기지속 핵반응이자 미국 신규 첨단원자로 설계 중 첫 임계 돌파(아직 발전은 아님)." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-antares-criticality-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-antares-criticality-2026" }, "fieldId": "smr", "source": { "url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-06-04/us-says-antares-small-nuclear-reactor-reaches-criticality", "type": "press", "publisher": "Bloomberg / Antares", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "s-oklo-pdsa-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First DOE safety approval to build an advanced reactor", "ko": "첨단원자로 건설 첫 DOE 안전성 승인" }, "summary": { "en": "Oklo / US DOE — DOE's Idaho office approved the Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis (PDSA) for Oklo's Aurora-INL under the Reactor Pilot Program — a staged framework letting advanced reactors build on a federal site under DOE oversight instead of waiting on full NRC licensing. It clears the safety basis for construction (not commercial operation); Oklo pursues NRC licensing separately for commercial units.", "ko": "Oklo / 美 DOE — DOE 아이다호 사무소가 원자로 파일럿 프로그램(RPP)에 따라 Oklo Aurora-INL의 예비 문서화 안전성분석(PDSA)을 승인 — NRC 정식 인허가를 기다리지 않고 연방 부지에서 DOE 감독 하에 첨단원자로를 건설·운영하는 단계적 체계. 건설용 안전 기반 승인(상업운전은 아님); 상업 호기는 별도 NRC 인허가 추진." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-oklo-pdsa-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-oklo-pdsa-2026" }, "fieldId": "smr", "relatedActors": [ "oklo" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/doe-approval-milestone-for-oklo-reactor", "type": "press", "publisher": "World Nuclear News", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "s-terrapower-uk-gda-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Natrium enters UK regulatory review (first overseas)", "ko": "Natrium 영국 규제심사 진입 (첫 해외)" }, "summary": { "en": "TerraPower / UK ONR — TerraPower's Natrium design was accepted into the UK's Generic Design Assessment, with the Office for Nuclear Regulation, the Environment Agency and Natural Resources Wales beginning Step 1 in June 2026 — the sodium-cooled fast reactor's first overseas licensing push, following its US construction permit at Kemmerer. The same 345 MWe design with molten-salt storage boosting to 500 MW.", "ko": "TerraPower / 영국 ONR — TerraPower Natrium 설계가 영국 일반설계평가(GDA)에 수용돼, 원자력규제청(ONR)·환경청·웨일스 천연자원청이 2026년 6월 Step 1 개시 — 미국 케머러 건설허가에 이은 소듐냉각 고속로의 첫 해외 인허가 추진. 345 MWe + 용융염 저장으로 500 MW 부스트하는 동일 설계." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-terrapower-uk-gda-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-terrapower-uk-gda-2026" }, "fieldId": "smr", "relatedActors": [ "terrapower" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/terrapowers-natrium-reactor-begins-uk-gda-process", "type": "press", "publisher": "World Nuclear News / TerraPower", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "s-xenergy-env-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First US reactor cleared via streamlined environmental review", "ko": "美 첫 간이 환경평가로 통과한 원자로" }, "summary": { "en": "X-energy / US NRC — The NRC issued a Finding of No Significant Impact for X-energy's plan to build four 80 MWe Xe-100 reactors at Dow's Seadrift site on the Texas Gulf Coast — the first commercial nuclear project in the NRC's 52-year history cleared through a streamlined environmental assessment rather than a full environmental impact statement. The Amazon-backed developer still faces the separate safety review next.", "ko": "X-energy / 美 NRC — NRC가 X-energy의 텍사스 걸프연안 Dow Seadrift 부지 Xe-100(80 MWe) 4기 건설 계획에 '중대영향 없음(FONSI)' 판정 — NRC 52년 역사상 전체 환경영향평가서가 아닌 간이 환경평가로 통과한 첫 상업 원전 프로젝트. Amazon이 투자한 이 개발사는 별도 안전성 심사가 다음 관문." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-xenergy-env-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-xenergy-env-2026" }, "fieldId": "smr", "relatedActors": [ "x-energy" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/nuclear/x-energy-gets-federal-approval-reactors", "type": "press", "publisher": "Canary Media / US NRC", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "h-neura-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "NEURA — record $1.4B Series C (Europe's biggest)", "ko": "NEURA — 기록적 $1.4B 시리즈 C (유럽 최대)" }, "summary": { "en": "NEURA Robotics — Germany's NEURA announced a Series C of up to $1.4B at a $7B valuation (Nvidia, Amazon, Qualcomm, Tether, Bosch, EIB…) — billed as the largest-ever raise for a full-stack robotics company; the full amount is milestone-contingent. 4NE-1 humanoid (~€98k) ships at scale from late 2026.", "ko": "NEURA Robotics — 독일 NEURA가 기업가치 $7B에 최대 $1.4B 시리즈 C 발표(Nvidia·Amazon·Qualcomm·Tether·Bosch·EIB 등) — 풀스택 로보틱스 사상 최대 조달. 전액은 마일스톤 연동. 4NE-1 휴머노이드(~€9.8만)는 2026년 말부터 양산 출하." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-neura-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-neura-2026" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "relatedActors": [ "neura-robotics" ], "source": { "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/record-series-c/", "type": "press", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "s-spacex-ipo-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "SpaceX IPO — biggest listing in history", "ko": "SpaceX IPO — 역사상 최대 상장" }, "summary": { "en": "SpaceX — SpaceX raised $75B in its IPO (555.6M shares at $135; ~$1.75T valuation), trading on Nasdaq as SPCX from 12 Jun 2026 — the largest IPO in history, dwarfing Saudi Aramco's $29.4B (2019); the book ran >2× oversubscribed (~$150B in orders).", "ko": "SpaceX — SpaceX가 IPO로 $75B 조달(5억5,556만주 × $135, 기업가치 ~$1.75조), 2026-06-12부터 나스닥(SPCX) 거래 — 사우디 아람코 $29.4B(2019)를 압도하는 역대 최대 상장. 주문 >2배 초과청약(~$150B)." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-spacex-ipo-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-spacex-ipo-2026" }, "fieldId": "space", "relatedActors": [ "spacex" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.npr.org/2026/06/11/nx-s1-5853199/spacex-ipo-price-elon-musk", "type": "press", "publisher": "NPR / SpaceX", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "st-axiom-525m-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Axiom closes oversubscribed $525M round", "ko": "Axiom, 초과청약 $525M 라운드 마감" }, "summary": { "en": "Axiom Space — Axiom closed $525M+ (Feb $350M led by Type One Ventures & QIA, plus a $175M June extension joined by MUFG) to accelerate Axiom Station, spacesuits and human spaceflight — the largest station-sector raise amid NASA's CLD strategy rework.", "ko": "Axiom Space — Axiom이 $525M+ 마감(2월 $350M — Type One Ventures·QIA 주도, 6월 $175M 연장 — MUFG 참여). Axiom Station·우주복·유인비행 가속용으로, NASA CLD 전략 개편 와중 정거장 부문 최대 조달." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/st-axiom-525m-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/st-axiom-525m-2026" }, "fieldId": "station", "relatedActors": [ "axiom-space" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.axiomspace.com/release/axiom-space-closes-oversubscribed-financing-at-525m", "type": "press", "publisher": "Axiom Space", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "ai-coreweave-mlperf-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "DeepSeek-V3 trained in ~2 minutes (MLPerf v6.0 record)", "ko": "DeepSeek-V3를 ~2분 만에 학습 (MLPerf v6.0 기록)" }, "summary": { "en": "CoreWeave / NVIDIA — CoreWeave set new MLPerf Training v6.0 records, training DeepSeek-V3 (671B parameters) in 2.02 minutes on 8,192 NVIDIA GB300 NVL72 GPUs — the largest GB300 cluster submitted in the round and the only one scaled beyond 2,048 GPUs on DeepSeek-V3. The run used the same infrastructure customers run in production, a marker of how fast large-model training time is collapsing.", "ko": "CoreWeave / NVIDIA — CoreWeave가 MLPerf Training v6.0 신기록 수립 — DeepSeek-V3(6,710억 파라미터)를 NVIDIA GB300 NVL72 GPU 8,192장으로 2.02분 만에 학습. 이번 라운드 최대 GB300 클러스터이자 DeepSeek-V3에서 2,048장을 넘어 확장한 유일한 제출. 고객이 실제 프로덕션에서 쓰는 인프라로 수행 — 대형 모델 학습 시간이 얼마나 빠르게 단축되는지 보여주는 지표." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-coreweave-mlperf-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-coreweave-mlperf-2026" }, "fieldId": "agi", "source": { "url": "https://www.coreweave.com/news/coreweave-sets-new-ai-training-records-in-mlperf-r-training-v6-0-training-deepseek-v3-in-approximately-two-minutes", "type": "press", "publisher": "CoreWeave", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "ai-fable-mythos-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Tiered safety deployment of a frontier model (Fable 5 / Mythos 5)", "ko": "프런티어 모델의 계층적 안전 배포 (Fable 5 / Mythos 5)" }, "summary": { "en": "Anthropic — Anthropic released Claude Fable 5 — a Mythos-class model exceeding any it had made generally available — gated so ~5% of sensitive (e.g. cyber) sessions get a conservatively-tuned model, while the unrestricted Mythos 5 went only to vetted cyberdefenders via Project Glasswing with the US government. Days later the US Commerce Department export-controlled both models, barring all foreign-national access; unable to enforce that selectively in real time, Anthropic shut Fable 5 and Mythos 5 off worldwide (its other models unaffected) — the first time a deployed frontier AI model was export-controlled like a strategic technology.", "ko": "Anthropic — Anthropic이 Claude Fable 5 공개 — 일반 공개한 어떤 모델보다 강력하나 게이팅(민감 주제 ~5%는 보수적 모델이 응답), 무제한 Mythos 5는 美 정부와의 Project Glasswing으로 검증된 사이버방어자에게만. 며칠 뒤 美 상무부가 두 모델을 수출통제해 모든 외국인 접근 차단 — 실시간 선별이 불가능해 Anthropic이 Fable 5·Mythos 5를 전세계 차단(타 모델은 영향 없음). 배포된 프런티어 AI 모델이 전략기술처럼 수출통제된 첫 사례." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-fable-mythos-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-fable-mythos-2026" }, "fieldId": "agi", "relatedActors": [ "anthropic" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-06-13/anthropic-says-us-limits-foreign-access-to-fable-5-mythos-5", "type": "press", "publisher": "Bloomberg / US Commerce", "publishedDate": "2026-06" } }, { "id": "bc-hype", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-05-27", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "Is BCI funding ahead of the medicine?", "ko": "BCI 투자, 의학을 앞서간 걸까" }, "summary": { "en": "A $9B valuation for Neuralink prices in a future where brain implants are routine — but today's devices help a few dozen people in trials. Our read on the gap between capital and clinical reality. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "Neuralink의 90억 달러 가치는 뇌 이식이 일상이 된 미래를 선반영하지만, 오늘의 기기는 임상에서 수십 명을 돕습니다. 자본과 임상 현실 사이 간극에 대한 해석. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/bc-hype", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/bc-hype" }, "relatedMetric": "bci-funding" }, { "id": "bc-patients", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05-20", "title": { "en": "Why \"humans implanted\" is the honest scoreboard", "ko": "‘이식 환자 수’가 정직한 점수판인 이유" }, "summary": { "en": "Demos and valuations are easy to inflate; people living with an implant are not. The count of humans implanted is the hardest signal that a BCI has crossed from lab to clinic — and Synchron, not the loudest name, leads it.", "ko": "데모와 밸류에이션은 부풀리기 쉽지만, 이식체를 안고 살아가는 사람은 그렇지 않습니다. 이식 환자 수는 BCI가 실험실에서 임상으로 넘어갔다는 가장 어려운 신호이며, 가장 시끄러운 이름이 아니라 Synchron이 앞서고 있습니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/bc-patients", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/bc-patients" }, "relatedMetric": "bci-patients" }, { "id": "bc-invasive", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05-13", "title": { "en": "Three ways into the brain", "ko": "뇌로 들어가는 세 가지 길" }, "summary": { "en": "BCIs trade off signal quality against surgical risk. Penetrating arrays (Neuralink) read the most; surface arrays (Precision) sit on the brain; vascular devices (Synchron) avoid open-brain surgery entirely. The tracker compares all three.", "ko": "BCI는 신호 품질과 수술 위험을 맞바꿉니다. 관통형(Neuralink)이 가장 많이 읽고, 표면형(Precision)은 뇌 위에 얹으며, 혈관형(Synchron)은 개두 수술을 아예 피합니다. 트래커는 셋을 비교합니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/bc-invasive", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/bc-invasive" }, "relatedMetric": "bci-channels" }, { "id": "sc-moat", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-05-06", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "Is SpaceX's lead in reusability unassailable?", "ko": "SpaceX의 재사용 우위는 난공불락인가" }, "summary": { "en": "165 launches and a 32-flight booster put SpaceX years ahead, but Blue Origin's New Glenn reuse and Rocket Lab's Neutron are finally real. Our read on how durable the lead is. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "165회 발사와 32회 비행 부스터로 SpaceX는 수년 앞서 있지만, Blue Origin의 New Glenn 재사용과 Rocket Lab의 Neutron이 마침내 현실이 됐습니다. 우위가 얼마나 견고한지에 대한 해석. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/sc-moat", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/sc-moat" }, "relatedMetric": "space-cadence" }, { "id": "f-iter-central-solenoid-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Central Solenoid complete — world's most powerful pulsed magnet", "ko": "중앙 솔레노이드 완성 — 세계 최강 펄스 자석" }, "summary": { "en": "ITER / General Atomics — The 13-tesla, ~1,000-tonne Central Solenoid — the 'beating heart' built by General Atomics to drive ITER's plasma current — is complete and delivered to the site. A key assembly milestone toward first plasma (2034); the full pulsed-magnet system was ~15 years in the making.", "ko": "ITER / General Atomics — 13테슬라·약 1,000톤 중앙 솔레노이드 — ITER 플라즈마 전류를 구동하는 General Atomics 제작 '심장' — 완성·현장 납품. 첫 플라즈마(2034)를 향한 핵심 조립 이정표; 펄스 자석 시스템 전체는 약 15년에 걸쳐 제작." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-iter-central-solenoid-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-iter-central-solenoid-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "iter" ], "source": { "url": "https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/The-Worlds-Biggest-Fusion-Reactor-Just-Hit-a-Milestone.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "OilPrice", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "f-focused-240m-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Largest fusion Series A ($240M, RWE-led)", "ko": "핵융합 최대 시리즈 A ($240M, RWE 주도)" }, "summary": { "en": "Focused Energy — German laser-fusion firm Focused Energy closed an oversubscribed $240M Series A led by utility RWE — the industry's largest Series A — to build its Lighthouse demonstrator at a retired German fission plant (total funding ~$500M incl. grants).", "ko": "Focused Energy — 독일 레이저 핵융합 기업 Focused Energy가 전력사 RWE 주도로 초과청약된 $240M 시리즈 A 마감 — 업계 최대 시리즈 A. 퇴역 독일 원전 부지에 Lighthouse 실증기 건설 계획(보조금 포함 총 ~$500M)." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-focused-240m-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-focused-240m-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "focused-energy" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260527514871/en/Focused-Energy-Raises-$240-Million-in-Series-A-Financing", "type": "press", "publisher": "Focused Energy", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "q-anderon-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Anderon — America's first quantum chip foundry", "ko": "Anderon — 미국 첫 양자 칩 파운드리" }, "summary": { "en": "IBM / US Commerce — IBM is spinning off Anderon, a $2B (≈$1B CHIPS Act + $1B IBM) 300mm superconducting-qubit wafer fab in Albany, NY — open to other quantum vendors as a neutral 'TSMC for quantum.'", "ko": "IBM / 美 상무부 — IBM이 Anderon을 분사 — 뉴욕 올버니의 $2B(≈CHIPS법 $1B + IBM $1B) 300mm 초전도 큐빗 웨이퍼 팹. 타 양자기업에도 개방하는 중립적 '양자판 TSMC.'" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-anderon-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-anderon-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "ibm" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/quantum-computing/ibm-spins-off-americas-first-quantum-chip-foundry-with-2-billion-in-federal-and-private-funding", "type": "press", "publisher": "IBM / US Commerce", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "q-ionq-256-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First 256-qubit system sold (to Cambridge)", "ko": "첫 256큐빗 시스템 판매 (케임브리지)" }, "summary": { "en": "IonQ — IonQ sold its first 6th-gen, chip-based 256-qubit system (to the University of Cambridge) and posted record Q1 revenue of $64.7M (+755% YoY); its roadmap targets 10,000 networked qubits.", "ko": "IonQ — IonQ가 첫 6세대 칩 기반 256큐빗 시스템을 케임브리지대에 판매하고 1분기 매출 $64.7M(+755% YoY) 기록 — 로드맵은 1만 큐빗 네트워킹 목표." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-ionq-256-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-ionq-256-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "ionq" ], "source": { "url": "https://quantumcomputingreport.com/ionq-reports-on-its-q1-2026-financial-results-historic-growth-and-blueprint-for-fault-tolerance/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Quantum Computing Report / IonQ", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "s-darlington-basemat-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First North American SMR reactor basemat installed", "ko": "북미 첫 SMR 원자로 기초매트 설치" }, "summary": { "en": "OPG / GE Hitachi — OPG set the ~953-tonne basemat foundation module 35 m below ground for the first of four BWRX-300 units at Darlington — North America's (and the G7's) first SMR build, targeting grid connection by 2030.", "ko": "OPG / GE Hitachi — OPG가 Darlington의 BWRX-300 4기 중 1호기용 ~953톤 기초매트 모듈을 지하 35m에 설치 — 북미(및 G7) 첫 SMR 건설, 2030년 계통연계 목표." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-darlington-basemat-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-darlington-basemat-2026" }, "fieldId": "smr", "source": { "url": "https://www.nucnet.org/news/canada-s-opg-completes-installation-of-reactor-basemat-for-first-darlington-smr-5-5-2026", "type": "press", "publisher": "NucNet / OPG", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "h-1x-factory-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "1X opens NEO humanoid factory (10k/yr)", "ko": "1X, NEO 휴머노이드 공장 가동 (연 1만 대)" }, "summary": { "en": "1X — 1X began full-scale NEO production at a 58,000 sq-ft, vertically-integrated plant in Hayward, California — ~10,000 units/yr capacity (its first-year run sold out in 5 days), targeting 100,000 units by 2027.", "ko": "1X — 1X가 캘리포니아 헤이워드의 58,000 sq-ft 수직통합 공장에서 NEO 본격 양산 시작 — 연 ~1만 대 생산능력(첫해 물량 5일 만에 완판), 2027년 10만 대 목표." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-1x-factory-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-1x-factory-2026" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "relatedActors": [ "1x" ], "source": { "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/1x-humanoid-robot-neo-factory-california", "type": "press", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering / 1X", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "h-figure-200h-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "200-hour autonomous shift, zero failures", "ko": "200시간 자율 가동, 무결점" }, "summary": { "en": "Figure AI — Figure ran its humanoids 200 hours nonstop, sorting 249,558 packages with zero hardware failures and no teleoperation — driven end-to-end by its Helix neural network, a durability/autonomy milestone.", "ko": "Figure AI — Figure가 휴머노이드를 200시간 연속 가동, 패키지 249,558개를 하드웨어 고장·원격조작 없이 분류 — Helix 신경망 단대단 제어, 내구성·자율성 이정표." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-figure-200h-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-figure-200h-2026" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "relatedActors": [ "figure" ], "source": { "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/figure-03-humanoid-robot-200-hour-shift", "type": "press", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering / Figure", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "a-waymo-freeway-pause-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Waymo pauses all freeway robotaxi rides", "ko": "Waymo, 모든 고속도로 로보택시 운행 중단" }, "summary": { "en": "Waymo — Waymo suspended all freeway rides (San Francisco, LA, Phoenix, Miami) to improve construction-zone handling, after recalling 3,791 vehicles over flooded-roadway incidents — a notable safety pullback on its hardest driving domain.", "ko": "Waymo — Waymo가 공사구간 대응 개선을 위해 모든 고속도로 운행(SF·LA·피닉스·마이애미) 중단 — 침수도로 사고로 차량 3,791대 리콜 직후. 가장 어려운 주행 영역에서의 주목할 안전 후퇴." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/a-waymo-freeway-pause-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/a-waymo-freeway-pause-2026" }, "fieldId": "av", "relatedActors": [ "waymo" ], "source": { "url": "https://sfstandard.com/2026/05/21/waymo-suspends-all-freeway-rides-safety-issues/", "type": "press", "publisher": "The San Francisco Standard / Waymo", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "s-newglenn-boom-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "New Glenn destroyed in static-fire explosion", "ko": "New Glenn, 정적연소 시험 중 폭발 소실" }, "summary": { "en": "Blue Origin — A New Glenn first stage exploded during a static-fire test at LC-36, Cape Canaveral (28 May 2026) — destroying the booster and damaging Blue Origin's only New Glenn pad. Reported as the most powerful rocket explosion since the Soviet N1 (1969); no injuries. Blue Origin targets return to flight before end-2026, accelerating a vertical-integration redesign.", "ko": "Blue Origin — New Glenn 1단이 케이프커내버럴 LC-36에서 정적연소 시험 중 폭발(2026-05-28) — 부스터 소실, Blue Origin 유일의 New Glenn 발사대 손상. 소련 N1(1969) 이후 가장 강력한 로켓 폭발로 보도, 인명피해 없음. 연내 비행 재개 목표로 수직통합 재설계 가속." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-newglenn-boom-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-newglenn-boom-2026" }, "fieldId": "space", "relatedActors": [ "blue-origin" ], "source": { "url": "https://spaceflightnow.com/2026/05/29/blue-origins-new-glenn-rocket-explodes-during-prelaunch-testing-at-cape-canaveral/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Spaceflight Now", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "s-starship-v3-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Starship V3 — debut flight of the most powerful rocket", "ko": "Starship V3 — 최강 로켓의 데뷔 비행" }, "summary": { "en": "SpaceX — SpaceX flew Starship V3 for the first time (Flight 12, 22 May 2026) — its most powerful version, built for high-rate Starlink launches and future Moon missions. The suborbital test deployed 20 mock + 2 real Starlinks and was called a success despite engine glitches and a missed booster splashdown; full orbital flight is still to come.", "ko": "SpaceX — SpaceX가 Starship V3 첫 비행(12차, 2026-05-22) — 고빈도 Starlink 발사·향후 달 임무용 최강 버전. 준궤도 시험에서 모형 20기 + 실제 2기 Starlink 전개, 엔진 결함·부스터 착수 실패에도 성공으로 평가; 완전 궤도비행은 향후 과제." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-starship-v3-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-starship-v3-2026" }, "fieldId": "space", "relatedActors": [ "spacex" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/spacex-starship-v3-megarocket-first-test-flight", "type": "press", "publisher": "Space.com / SpaceX", "publishedDate": "2026-05" } }, { "id": "sc-cost", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04-29", "title": { "en": "Why cost per kilogram is the number that matters", "ko": "kg당 비용이 핵심 숫자인 이유" }, "summary": { "en": "Dollars per kilogram to orbit is the single figure that decides what becomes possible in space — and it has fallen ~20× since the Shuttle. We explain the number and why headline prices need caveats.", "ko": "궤도까지 kg당 달러는 우주에서 무엇이 가능해지는지를 결정하는 단일 숫자이며, 우주왕복선 이후 약 20배 떨어졌습니다. 이 숫자와, 공개 가격에 단서가 필요한 이유를 설명합니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/sc-cost", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/sc-cost" }, "relatedMetric": "space-cost" }, { "id": "sc-reuse", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04-22", "title": { "en": "Recovered vs reused: what reusability really means", "ko": "회수 vs 재사용: 재사용의 진짜 의미" }, "summary": { "en": "Landing a booster is the photo; flying the same booster again — and again — is the economics. We explain why reflights, not landings, are the metric that lowers the cost of space.", "ko": "부스터 착륙은 사진이고, 같은 부스터를 다시—그리고 또—날리는 것이 경제성입니다. 착륙이 아니라 재비행이 우주 비용을 낮추는 지표인 이유를 설명합니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/sc-reuse", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/sc-reuse" }, "relatedMetric": "space-reuse" }, { "id": "ec-cash", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-04-22", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "Will air taxis run out of runway before takeoff?", "ko": "에어택시, 이륙 전에 활주로가 바닥날까" }, "summary": { "en": "eVTOL leaders are pre-revenue and burning cash toward certification. Joby and Archer have raised billions and look funded; many European rivals already went bankrupt. Our read on who has the runway. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "eVTOL 선두는 매출 전이고 인증을 향해 현금을 태우고 있습니다. Joby·Archer는 수십억을 모아 자금이 있어 보이지만, 유럽 경쟁사 다수는 이미 파산했습니다. 누가 활주로를 가졌는지에 대한 해석. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/ec-cash", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/ec-cash" }, "relatedMetric": "evtol-liquidity", "relatedActors": [ "joby", "archer", "volocopter" ] }, { "id": "aic-compute", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04-17", "title": { "en": "What training compute does (and doesn't) tell you", "ko": "학습 컴퓨트가 말해주는 것과 아닌 것" }, "summary": { "en": "Frontier training compute has grown ~4–5× a year and is the clearest driver of AI's recent leaps. It is a hard, auditable number — but it's an input, not a measure of intelligence.", "ko": "프론티어 학습 컴퓨트는 연 약 4~5배 성장해 왔고 최근 AI 도약의 가장 분명한 동인입니다. 검증 가능한 단단한 숫자지만, 지능의 척도가 아니라 입력입니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/aic-compute", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/aic-compute" }, "relatedMetric": "agi-compute", "relatedActors": [ "openai", "meta", "deepseek" ] }, { "id": "ec-strategies", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04-15", "title": { "en": "Piloted vs autonomous, long vs short hop", "ko": "유인 vs 자율, 장거리 vs 단거리" }, "summary": { "en": "Air-taxi makers are not building the same vehicle. Joby and Archer bet on piloted, ~100-mile aircraft; EHang and Volocopter fly shorter, often autonomous hops. The range spec reveals the strategy.", "ko": "에어택시 업체들은 같은 기체를 만드는 게 아닙니다. Joby·Archer는 유인 약 100마일 기체에, EHang·Volocopter는 더 짧고 흔히 자율인 비행에 겁니다. 항속거리 사양이 전략을 드러냅니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/ec-strategies", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/ec-strategies" }, "relatedMetric": "evtol-range", "relatedActors": [ "joby", "archer", "volocopter", "ehang" ] }, { "id": "aic-noscore", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04-10", "title": { "en": "Why we don't score \"AGI\"", "ko": "우리가 ‘AGI’를 점수 매기지 않는 이유" }, "summary": { "en": "There is no agreed test for general intelligence, so a single \"AGI %\" would be our opinion dressed as data. Instead we track objective, third-party numbers: training compute, public benchmark scores, and investment.", "ko": "범용 지능에 합의된 시험이 없기에 단일 ‘AGI %’는 데이터로 포장한 우리의 의견일 뿐입니다. 대신 객관적·제3자 숫자를 추적합니다: 학습 컴퓨트, 공개 벤치마크 점수, 투자." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/aic-noscore", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/aic-noscore" }, "relatedMetric": "agi-arc" }, { "id": "ec-stages", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04-08", "title": { "en": "The 5 stages of air-taxi certification", "ko": "에어택시 인증의 5단계" }, "summary": { "en": "An eVTOL can fly thousands of test flights and still not be allowed to carry a paying passenger. The gate is FAA type certification — a five-stage process — and it, not flashy demos, is the real finish line.", "ko": "eVTOL은 수천 번 시험비행을 하고도 유료 승객을 태우지 못할 수 있습니다. 관문은 FAA 형식인증(5단계)이며, 화려한 데모가 아니라 이것이 진짜 결승선입니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/ec-stages", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/ec-stages" }, "relatedMetric": "evtol-certification", "relatedActors": [ "joby", "archer", "ehang" ] }, { "id": "fc-us-fy27-budget", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04-03", "title": { "en": "US FY2027 budget request for fusion lands below authorized levels", "ko": "미국 FY2027 핵융합 예산 요청, 승인 한도 밑돌아" }, "summary": { "en": "The White House's FY27 request for Fusion Energy Sciences is $755M — $50M below FY26 and well short of the $1.11B authorized by the CHIPS and Science Act — even as public-private partnership funding rises to $135M and a new Office of Fusion is proposed. A contrast with Europe, where Germany just joined a multi-billion-euro fusion IPCEI.", "ko": "백악관의 FY27 핵융합과학(FES) 요청액은 $755M — FY26보다 $50M 적고, CHIPS·과학법 승인치 $1.11B에 크게 못 미친다. 다만 민관협력 자금은 $135M로 늘고 신설 Office of Fusion이 제안됐다. 수십억 유로 IPCEI에 막 합류한 유럽과 대비된다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/fc-us-fy27-budget", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/fc-us-fy27-budget" }, "source": { "url": "https://www.fusionindustryassociation.org/u-s-presidential-budget-request-for-fusion-falls-short/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Fusion Industry Association", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "f-zap-fission-fusion-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First combined fission + fusion company", "ko": "최초의 핵분열+핵융합 결합 기업" }, "summary": { "en": "Zap Energy — Adds near-term ~50 MW modular fission reactors alongside its sheared-flow Z-pinch fusion, betting on shared materials, liquid-metal and power-conversion tech. Century platform hit a record 1.6 GPa plasma pressure and FuZE-A came online. Zabrina Johal (ex-General Atomics, US Navy nuclear) named CEO; cofounder Benj Conway → President.", "ko": "Zap Energy — 전단류 Z-핀치 핵융합에 더해 단기 상용화용 ~50 MW 모듈형 핵분열로를 추가 — 소재·액체금속·전력변환 기술 공유에 베팅. Century 플랫폼이 1.6 GPa 플라스마 압력 기록 달성, FuZE-A 가동. Zabrina Johal(전 General Atomics·미 해군 원자력)이 CEO 선임, 공동창업자 Benj Conway는 President로 이동." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-zap-fission-fusion-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-zap-fission-fusion-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "zap" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/zap-energy-advances-integrated-nuclear-strategy-and-appoints-zabrina-johal-as-ceo-302757297.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "Zap Energy / PR Newswire", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "f-tokamak-step-magnets-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "£70M STEP magnet contract — UK flagship fusion plant", "ko": "£70M STEP 자석 계약 — 영국 대표 핵융합 발전소" }, "summary": { "en": "Tokamak Energy / UKIFS — Tokamak Energy named Magnet Systems Partner for the UK government's STEP programme — the first-of-a-kind plant at West Burton (UKAEA / UK Industrial Fusion Solutions). A £70M (~$95M) contract (2026–2029) leading eight HTS magnet work packages via its TE Magnetics division; its ST40 spherical tokamak serves as a high-field testbed.", "ko": "Tokamak Energy / UKIFS — Tokamak Energy가 영국 정부 STEP 프로그램(West Burton의 최초 발전소, UKAEA / UK Industrial Fusion Solutions)의 자석 시스템 파트너로 선정. £70M(~$95M) 계약(2026–2029)으로 TE Magnetics 부문을 통해 8개 HTS 자석 워크패키지를 주도; 자사 ST40 구형 토카막이 고자기장 테스트베드 역할." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-tokamak-step-magnets-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-tokamak-step-magnets-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "tokamak-energy" ], "source": { "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/energy/uk-fusion-tokamak-energy-magnet-contract", "type": "press", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "f-arpae-135m-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "ARPA-E's largest-ever fusion investment ($135M)", "ko": "ARPA-E 사상 최대 핵융합 투자 ($135M)" }, "summary": { "en": "ARPA-E (US DOE) — ARPA-E committed $135M to fusion over 18 months — more than its entire prior 12 years of fusion funding combined — launching CHADWICK (first-wall materials for a 40-year plant life) and GAMOW (market-aligned fusion) programs.", "ko": "ARPA-E (美 에너지부) — ARPA-E가 18개월간 핵융합에 $135M 투입 — 직전 12년 핵융합 지원 총액을 능가하는 사상 최대 규모. CHADWICK(40년 수명용 첫벽 소재)·GAMOW(시장지향 핵융합) 프로그램 출범." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-arpae-135m-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-arpae-135m-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "source": { "url": "https://arpa-e.energy.gov/news-and-events/news-and-insights/arpa-e-announces-135-million-commitment-fusion-technology-largest-fusion-investment-agencys-history", "type": "press", "publisher": "ARPA-E (US DOE)", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "f-firstlight-25m-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First Light — £25m first close + first amplifier sales", "ko": "First Light — £25m 1차 마감 + 첫 증폭기 판매" }, "summary": { "en": "First Light Fusion — First Light closed a £25m first tranche (Starmaker One + UKAEA) and shipped its first VIPER III velocity amplifiers to Texas A&M — a pivot to selling its amplification tech while pursuing its FLARE inertial-fusion concept (target gain ~1,000).", "ko": "First Light Fusion — First Light가 £25m 1차분 마감(Starmaker One + UKAEA)하고 첫 VIPER III 속도 증폭기를 Texas A&M에 출하 — 증폭 기술 판매로 전환하면서 FLARE 관성핵융합 개념(목표 이득 ~1,000) 추진." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-firstlight-25m-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-firstlight-25m-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "first-light-fusion" ], "source": { "url": "https://firstlightfusion.com/media/first-light-fusion-announces-25m-successful-first-close-of-new-funding-round-with-investments-from-starmaker-one-ukaea/", "type": "press", "publisher": "First Light Fusion", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "q-quera-2to1-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "2:1 physical-to-logical qubit ratio (with Harvard/MIT)", "ko": "물리:논리 큐빗 2:1 비율 (Harvard/MIT 공동)" }, "summary": { "en": "QuEra / Harvard / MIT — QuEra, Harvard and MIT showed qLDPC codes encoding 1,156 logical qubits into 2,304 physical (≈2:1, >50% rate), simulated into the \"teraquop\" regime (~1 error per trillion ops) — versus the hundreds-to-one ratio typical today.", "ko": "QuEra / Harvard / MIT — QuEra·Harvard·MIT가 qLDPC 부호로 논리 큐빗 1,156개를 물리 2,304개에 부호화(≈2:1, >50% 비율), 시뮬레이션상 \"테라쿱\" 영역(~1조 연산당 오류 1회) 도달 — 오늘날 수백 대 1 비율 대비 획기적." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-quera-2to1-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-quera-2to1-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "quera" ], "source": { "url": "https://quantumcomputingreport.com/quera-harvard-and-mit-demonstrate-21-physical-to-logical-qubit-ratio/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Quantum Computing Report / QuEra", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "s-kairos-hermes2-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First power-producing Gen IV reactor breaks ground", "ko": "첫 발전용 4세대 원자로 착공" }, "summary": { "en": "Kairos Power — Kairos broke ground on Hermes 2 in Oak Ridge — the first power-producing Gen IV reactor with an NRC construction permit. The molten-salt-cooled plant will feed up to 50 MW to TVA, powering Google data centers.", "ko": "Kairos Power — Kairos가 오크리지에서 Hermes 2 착공 — NRC 건설허가를 받은 첫 발전용 4세대 원자로. 용융염 냉각, 최대 50 MW를 TVA에 공급해 Google 데이터센터에 전력." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-kairos-hermes2-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-kairos-hermes2-2026" }, "fieldId": "smr", "relatedActors": [ "kairos-power" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.kairospower.com/updates/kairos-power-breaks-ground-on-hermes-2-demonstration-plant", "type": "press", "publisher": "Kairos Power", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "a-china-pause-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "China freezes new robotaxi permits after Baidu outage", "ko": "중국, Baidu 사고 후 신규 로보택시 면허 동결" }, "summary": { "en": "China (MIIT) / Baidu — After 100+ Baidu Apollo Go robotaxis failed simultaneously in Wuhan (a cloud outage stranded riders up to two hours), China suspended all new autonomous-driving permits on 29 Apr 2026 — the first nationwide robotaxi licensing freeze.", "ko": "중국 (공업정보화부) / Baidu — 우한에서 Baidu Apollo Go 로보택시 100대 이상이 동시 고장(클라우드 장애로 승객 최대 2시간 고립)한 뒤, 중국이 2026년 4월 29일 모든 신규 자율주행 면허를 중단 — 첫 전국 단위 로보택시 인허가 동결." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/a-china-pause-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/a-china-pause-2026" }, "fieldId": "av", "source": { "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/04/29/china-suspends-new-robotaxi-permits-after-baidu-outage/", "type": "press", "publisher": "CnEVPost / Bloomberg", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "s-newglenn-reuse-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Second reusable rocket reflies a booster", "ko": "두 번째 재사용 로켓의 부스터 재비행" }, "summary": { "en": "Blue Origin — New Glenn reflew a recovered first stage for the first time, ending Falcon's solo run on orbital reuse.", "ko": "Blue Origin — New Glenn이 회수한 1단을 처음으로 재비행 — 궤도 재사용에서 Falcon 독주 종료." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-newglenn-reuse-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-newglenn-reuse-2026" }, "fieldId": "space", "source": { "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/19/blue-origin-successfully-re-uses-a-new-glenn-rocket-for-the-first-time-ever/", "type": "press", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "b-higher-cortex-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First BCI implanted in higher-level cortex", "ko": "뇌 상위 피질에 첫 BCI 이식" }, "summary": { "en": "CU Anschutz · Caltech · USC — Surgeons at CU Anschutz/UCHealth implanted a BCI into a paralyzed patient's higher-functioning cortex — not the usual motor cortex — a world first, aiming for more natural and complete sensory-and-motor control. Part of a Caltech/USC consortium using a Blackrock Neurotech array.", "ko": "CU Anschutz · Caltech · USC — CU Anschutz/UCHealth 의료진이 마비 환자의 상위 기능 피질(통상적 운동피질이 아님)에 BCI 이식 — 세계 최초로, 더 자연스럽고 완전한 감각·운동 제어를 목표. Caltech/USC 컨소시엄, Blackrock Neurotech 어레이 사용." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-higher-cortex-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-higher-cortex-2026" }, "fieldId": "bci", "source": { "url": "https://news.cuanschutz.edu/medicine/surgery-in-colorado-is-first-in-the-world-to-implant-brain-computer-interface-in-higher-levels-of-the-brain", "type": "press", "publisher": "CU Anschutz / UCHealth", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "e-joby-nyc-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First point-to-point eVTOL flights in NYC", "ko": "뉴욕 첫 지점간 eVTOL 비행" }, "summary": { "en": "Joby Aviation — Joby flew between JFK and Manhattan's heliport network, demonstrating the urban air-taxi use case.", "ko": "Joby Aviation — Joby가 JFK와 맨해튼 헬리포트망 사이를 비행해 도심 에어택시 활용을 시연." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/e-joby-nyc-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/e-joby-nyc-2026" }, "fieldId": "evtol", "source": { "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/joby-evtol-nyc-air-taxi-commercial-launch", "type": "press", "publisher": "The Next Web", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "ai-deepseek-v4-ascend-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First frontier model shipped on domestic Chinese silicon", "ko": "중국산 칩으로 출시된 첫 프런티어 모델" }, "summary": { "en": "DeepSeek / Huawei — DeepSeek's 1.6T-parameter V4 runs on Huawei Ascend (950PR), and a Huawei-led team completed full-parameter post-training on ~1,000 Ascend 910Cs — a compute-sovereignty landmark. Pre-training hardware remains undisclosed, so \"trained without Nvidia\" is NOT established.", "ko": "DeepSeek / Huawei — DeepSeek 1.6조 파라미터 V4가 화웨이 Ascend(950PR)에서 구동되고, 화웨이 주도 팀이 Ascend 910C 약 1,000장으로 전체 파라미터 사후학습 완료 — 컴퓨트 주권의 이정표. 단 사전학습 하드웨어는 미공개라 \"엔비디아 없이 학습\"은 입증되지 않음." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-deepseek-v4-ascend-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-deepseek-v4-ascend-2026" }, "fieldId": "agi", "relatedActors": [ "deepseek" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intelligence/deepseek-launches-1-6-trillion-parameter-v4-on-huawei-chips-as-us-escalates-ai-theft-accusations", "type": "press", "publisher": "Tom's Hardware / SCMP", "publishedDate": "2026-04" } }, { "id": "ac-winning", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-03-27", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "Who's actually winning robotaxis?", "ko": "로보택시, 실제로 누가 이기고 있나" }, "summary": { "en": "Waymo leads on paid driverless rides and miles; Tesla is betting on a camera-only, mass-market path; Cruise exited in 2024. We weigh the very different strategies. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "유료 무인 운행·주행거리에서는 Waymo가 앞서고, Tesla는 카메라 전용·대중시장 경로에 베팅하며, Cruise는 2024년 철수했습니다. 서로 다른 전략을 따져봅니다. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/ac-winning", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/ac-winning" }, "relatedMetric": "av-rides" }, { "id": "hc-bubble", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-03-26", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "Is humanoid funding ahead of the robots?", "ko": "휴머노이드 투자, 로봇보다 앞서간 걸까" }, "summary": { "en": "A $39B valuation for Figure and billions across the field price in success that hardware and autonomy haven't yet delivered. Our read on whether capital is ahead of capability. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "Figure의 390억 달러 가치와 분야 전반의 수십억 달러는 하드웨어·자율성이 아직 내지 못한 성과를 선반영합니다. 자본이 역량을 앞질렀는지에 대한 우리의 해석. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/hc-bubble", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/hc-bubble" }, "relatedMetric": "humanoid-funding" }, { "id": "ac-miles", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03-20", "title": { "en": "Why autonomous miles matter", "ko": "무인 주행거리가 중요한 이유" }, "summary": { "en": "Cumulative rider-only miles are the experience base behind safety claims: more real, driverless miles means more rare situations seen and handled. It's the denominator under every crash-rate comparison.", "ko": "누적 무인 주행거리는 안전성 주장을 뒷받침하는 경험치입니다. 실제 무인 주행이 많을수록 드문 상황을 더 많이 겪고 처리한 것이죠. 모든 사고율 비교의 분모입니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/ac-miles", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/ac-miles" }, "relatedMetric": "av-miles" }, { "id": "hc-pilots", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03-19", "title": { "en": "Pilots vs production: reading humanoid deployments", "ko": "파일럿 vs 양산: 휴머노이드 배치 읽기" }, "summary": { "en": "“Deployed at BMW/Amazon/Mercedes” usually means a supervised pilot, not autonomous production work. We explain the ladder from demo to paid pilot to true at-scale deployment.", "ko": "“BMW·아마존·메르세데스 배치”는 대개 감독 하의 파일럿이지 자율 양산 노동이 아닙니다. 데모 → 유료 파일럿 → 진짜 대규모 배치로 이어지는 단계를 설명합니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/hc-pilots", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/hc-pilots" }, "relatedMetric": "humanoid-funding" }, { "id": "ac-levels", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03-13", "title": { "en": "Robotaxi vs driver-assist: the SAE levels", "ko": "로보택시 vs 운전보조: SAE 레벨" }, "summary": { "en": "“Self-driving” spans everything from lane-keeping (Level 2) to no-human-needed robotaxis (Level 4). Waymo runs Level 4 in set areas; most consumer “autopilot” is Level 2. The gap is the whole game.", "ko": "“자율주행”은 차선유지(레벨 2)부터 사람이 필요 없는 로보택시(레벨 4)까지 걸칩니다. Waymo는 지정 구역에서 레벨 4를, 대부분의 소비자용 “오토파일럿”은 레벨 2입니다. 그 간극이 핵심입니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/ac-levels", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/ac-levels" }, "relatedMetric": "av-rides" }, { "id": "hc-what", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03-12", "title": { "en": "What counts as a “humanoid” robot?", "ko": "“휴머노이드” 로봇의 기준은?" }, "summary": { "en": "Not every robot arm is a humanoid. The bet is on a general-purpose, roughly human-shaped, two-legged machine that can slot into spaces and tools built for people — versus cheaper, task-specific automation.", "ko": "로봇 팔이라고 다 휴머노이드는 아닙니다. 핵심 베팅은 사람을 위해 만든 공간·도구에 그대로 들어가는 범용·인간형·이족 보행 기계로, 더 싼 작업특화 자동화와 대비됩니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/hc-what", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/hc-what" }, "relatedMetric": "humanoid-funding" }, { "id": "sc-investor", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-03-05", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "The SMR investment case — and its 2030 cliff", "ko": "SMR 투자 논리 — 그리고 2030 절벽" }, "summary": { "en": "Big tech power deals and listed names (NuScale, Oklo) have lifted SMR sentiment, but Western first-of-a-kind units don't reach the grid until ~2030. We weigh the gap between order books and operating reactors. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "빅테크 전력계약과 상장사(NuScale·Oklo)가 SMR 심리를 끌어올렸지만, 서방의 초도호기는 ~2030년에야 계통에 닿습니다. 수주잔고와 실제 가동 원자로의 간극을 따져봅니다. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/sc-investor", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/sc-investor" }, "relatedMetric": "smr-operating" }, { "id": "fc-investment-signal", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-03-02", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "Reading the private fusion investment signal", "ko": "민간 핵융합 투자 신호 읽기" }, "summary": { "en": "Cumulative private funding has crossed ~$9.8B across 53 companies (FIA 2025). We look at what the money is — and isn't — telling investors about timelines. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "누적 민간 투자가 53개 기업에서 약 98억 달러를 넘었습니다(FIA 2025). 이 자금이 일정에 대해 투자자에게 무엇을 말하고—또 말하지 않는지 살펴봅니다. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/fc-investment-signal", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/fc-investment-signal" }, "relatedMetric": "fusion-investment" }, { "id": "s-terrapower-permit-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First non-LWR construction permit in 40+ years", "ko": "40여 년 만의 첫 비경수로 건설허가" }, "summary": { "en": "TerraPower / NRC — The NRC issued a construction permit for TerraPower's Natrium plant (Kemmerer, Wyoming) — the first US commercial advanced-reactor approval in ~a decade and the first non-light-water reactor approval in over 40 years. 345 MWe sodium-cooled fast reactor with molten-salt storage boosting to 500 MW; completion targeted 2030.", "ko": "TerraPower / NRC — NRC가 TerraPower Natrium 발전소(와이오밍 케머러) 건설허가 발급 — 약 10년 만의 美 상업 첨단원자로 승인이자 40여 년 만의 첫 비경수로 승인. 345 MWe 소듐냉각 고속로 + 용융염 저장으로 500 MW 부스트, 2030년 완공 목표." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-terrapower-permit-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-terrapower-permit-2026" }, "fieldId": "smr", "relatedActors": [ "terrapower" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.terrapower.com/NRC-Approves-Natrium-Reactor-Construction-Permit", "type": "press", "publisher": "TerraPower / NRC", "publishedDate": "2026-03" } }, { "id": "s-nrc-part53-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "NRC finalizes Part 53 — modern advanced-reactor licensing", "ko": "NRC, Part 53 최종 확정 — 첨단원자로 현대 인허가" }, "summary": { "en": "US NRC — After ~6 years, the NRC finalized Part 53 (effective 29 Apr 2026) — a risk-informed, technology-inclusive licensing framework targeting design approvals in 18 months or less at roughly half the cost. A structural unlock for the entire US advanced-reactor field, independent of any single project.", "ko": "美 원자력규제위원회(NRC) — 약 6년 만에 NRC가 Part 53 최종 확정(2026-04-29 발효) — 위험정보 기반·기술중립 인허가 체계로 설계 승인을 18개월 이내·비용 약 절반 목표. 개별 프로젝트와 무관하게 美 첨단원자로 분야 전체를 여는 구조적 해금." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-nrc-part53-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-nrc-part53-2026" }, "fieldId": "smr", "source": { "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/article-7881/nrc-unveils-part-53-final-rule/", "type": "press", "publisher": "ANS / US NRC", "publishedDate": "2026-03" } }, { "id": "b-science-230m-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "$230M Series C for first vision-restoring BCI", "ko": "시력회복 BCI 첫 상용화에 $230M 시리즈 C" }, "summary": { "en": "Science Corporation — Science closed an oversubscribed $230M Series C (total ~$490M) to commercialize PRIMA — a retinal BCI that restored form vision in dry-AMD patients (NEJM-published). A European launch later this year would make it the first BCI vision product on the market.", "ko": "Science Corporation — Science가 초과청약된 $230M 시리즈 C 마감(누적 ~$490M) — 건성 황반변성 환자의 형태 시력을 회복시킨(NEJM 게재) 망막 BCI PRIMA 상용화 자금. 연내 유럽 출시 시 시장 첫 BCI 시력회복 제품." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-science-230m-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-science-230m-2026" }, "fieldId": "bci", "relatedActors": [ "science-corp" ], "source": { "url": "https://science.xyz/news/series-c/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Science Corporation", "publishedDate": "2026-03" } }, { "id": "b-neuracle-neo-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "World's first commercial invasive-BCI approval", "ko": "세계 첫 침습계 BCI 상업 승인" }, "summary": { "en": "Neuracle / NMPA (China) — China's NMPA cleared Neuracle's coin-sized NEO implant (developed with Tsinghua) for commercial sale to restore hand function after spinal-cord injury — the first invasive-class BCI approved for market anywhere, ahead of Neuralink.", "ko": "Neuracle / 中 NMPA — 중국 NMPA가 Neuracle의 동전 크기 NEO 임플란트(칭화대 공동개발)를 척수손상 환자 손기능 회복용으로 상업 판매 승인 — 세계 최초의 침습계 BCI 시판 허가로 Neuralink보다 앞섬." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-neuracle-neo-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-neuracle-neo-2026" }, "fieldId": "bci", "relatedActors": [ "neuracle" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.fiercebiotech.com/medtech/china-approves-first-brain-computer-interface-implant-paralyzed-patients-sector-heats", "type": "press", "publisher": "Fierce Biotech / NMPA", "publishedDate": "2026-03" } }, { "id": "e-joby-stage4-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "FAA Stage 4 of 5 completed", "ko": "FAA 5단계 중 4단계 완료" }, "summary": { "en": "Joby Aviation — Joby cleared the FAA's airworthiness conformity review — the most advanced US eVTOL certification position.", "ko": "Joby Aviation — Joby가 FAA 감항성 적합성 검토 통과 — 미국 eVTOL 인증에서 가장 앞선 위치." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/e-joby-stage4-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/e-joby-stage4-2026" }, "fieldId": "evtol", "source": { "url": "https://www.altitudesmagazine.com/joby-aviation-targets-late-2026-commercial-launch-faa-certification/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Altitudes Magazine", "publishedDate": "2026-03" } }, { "id": "ai-arc3-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "ARC-AGI-3 — first interactive benchmark; AI under 1%", "ko": "ARC-AGI-3 — 첫 인터랙티브 벤치마크; AI 1% 미만" }, "summary": { "en": "ARC Prize — The first fully interactive ARC benchmark: hand-built game environments with no instructions — agents must discover the rules. At launch every frontier model scored <1% (best 0.37%) while humans solve them all; $2M+ prize pool, results Dec 2026.", "ko": "ARC Prize — ARC 시리즈 첫 완전 인터랙티브 벤치마크: 설명 없는 수제 게임 환경에서 에이전트가 규칙을 스스로 발견해야 함. 출시 시점 모든 프런티어 모델이 1% 미만(최고 0.37%), 인간은 전부 해결; 상금 $2M+, 결과는 2026년 12월." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-arc3-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-arc3-2026" }, "fieldId": "agi", "source": { "url": "https://arcprize.org/blog/arc-agi-3-launch", "type": "press", "publisher": "ARC Prize", "publishedDate": "2026-03" } }, { "id": "sc-who-leads", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02-23", "title": { "en": "Who actually has SMRs running?", "ko": "실제로 SMR을 돌리는 곳은?" }, "summary": { "en": "Headlines feature Western startups, but the only commercial SMRs operating today are Russia's floating Akademik Lomonosov (2020) and China's HTR-PM (2023). China's Linglong One aims to be the first land-based commercial unit in 2026.", "ko": "헤드라인은 서방 스타트업이 장식하지만, 현재 상업운전 중인 SMR은 러시아의 부유식 Akademik Lomonosov(2020)와 중국의 HTR-PM(2023)뿐입니다. 중국 Linglong One이 2026년 첫 지상 상업호기를 노립니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/sc-who-leads", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/sc-who-leads" }, "relatedMetric": "smr-operating" }, { "id": "fc-how-close", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-02-20", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "How close is fusion, really?", "ko": "핵융합, 진짜 얼마나 가까운가" }, "summary": { "en": "Records are falling fast — gain 4 at NIF, 1,000 s-plus plasmas in China and France — but engineering breakeven and a grid-connected plant are still distinct, harder steps. Our read on the gap. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "기록은 빠르게 깨지고 있습니다—NIF의 이득 4, 중국·프랑스의 1,000초+ 플라즈마. 그러나 공학적 손익분기와 전력망 연결 발전소는 여전히 별개의, 더 어려운 단계입니다. 그 간극에 대한 우리의 해석. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/fc-how-close", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/fc-how-close" }, "relatedMetric": "fusion-q", "relatedActors": [ "nif", "east", "west", "iter" ] }, { "id": "sc-what-is-smr", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02-16", "title": { "en": "What makes a reactor “modular”?", "ko": "원자로가 “모듈식”이라는 것은?" }, "summary": { "en": "SMRs are smaller (under ~300 MWe) reactors built in factories and shipped as units, betting that repetition and standardization beat the cost overruns of giant one-off plants.", "ko": "SMR은 더 작은(약 300 MWe 이하) 원자로를 공장에서 만들어 유닛으로 운송하는 방식으로, 거대 일회성 발전소의 비용 초과를 반복·표준화로 이기겠다는 베팅입니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/sc-what-is-smr", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/sc-what-is-smr" }, "relatedMetric": "smr-operating" }, { "id": "fc-laser-vs-tokamak", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02-12", "title": { "en": "Two routes: laser (inertial) vs magnetic (tokamak)", "ko": "두 갈래: 레이저(관성) vs 자기(토카막)" }, "summary": { "en": "NIF crushes a fuel pellet with lasers; EAST, JET and ITER hold plasma in magnetic fields. They post different numbers (gain vs duration) because they're different machines chasing the same goal.", "ko": "NIF는 레이저로 연료 펠릿을 압축하고, EAST·JET·ITER는 자기장으로 플라즈마를 가둡니다. 같은 목표를 좇는 다른 장치라 서로 다른 숫자(이득 vs 유지시간)를 냅니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/fc-laser-vs-tokamak", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/fc-laser-vs-tokamak" }, "relatedMetric": "fusion-q" }, { "id": "qc-crqc", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-02-09", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "How close is a code-breaking quantum computer?", "ko": "암호 깨는 양자컴퓨터, 얼마나 가까운가" }, "summary": { "en": "Logical-qubit records are climbing fast, but breaking RSA-2048 needs thousands of logical (millions of physical) qubits with low error rates held for hours. Our read: real, but not imminent. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "논리적 qubit 기록은 빠르게 오르지만, RSA-2048 해독엔 낮은 오류율을 수 시간 유지하는 수천 개의 논리(수백만 물리) qubit이 필요합니다. 우리 해석: 실재하나 임박하진 않음. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/qc-crqc", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/qc-crqc" }, "relatedMetric": "phys-qubits" }, { "id": "fc-temp-duration", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02-03", "title": { "en": "Why temperature and duration both matter", "ko": "온도와 유지시간이 둘 다 중요한 이유" }, "summary": { "en": "Hot enough to fuse, long enough to be a power source: EAST's 160M°C and WEST's 1,337 s tackle the two halves of the same problem. Neither alone makes a reactor.", "ko": "융합할 만큼 뜨겁고, 전원이 될 만큼 오래—EAST의 1.6억°C와 WEST의 1,337초는 같은 문제의 양면을 공략합니다. 어느 하나만으로는 원자로가 되지 않습니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/fc-temp-duration", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/fc-temp-duration" }, "relatedMetric": "fusion-duration", "relatedActors": [ "east", "west" ] }, { "id": "scc-winning", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-02-03", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "Who's actually winning the foundry race?", "ko": "파운드리 경쟁, 실제로 누가 이기고 있나" }, "summary": { "en": "TSMC holds ~two-thirds of the market and the yield lead; Intel is betting its comeback on 18A; Samsung trails on yield. Our read on a race where one player's dominance keeps compounding. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "TSMC가 시장의 약 3분의 2와 수율 우위를 쥐고, 인텔은 18A에 부활을 걸며, 삼성은 수율에서 뒤처집니다. 한 플레이어의 우위가 계속 복리로 쌓이는 경주에 대한 해석. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/scc-winning", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/scc-winning" }, "relatedMetric": "fab-share", "relatedActors": [ "tsmc", "intel", "samsung", "micron" ] }, { "id": "fc-target-quality", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02-01", "title": { "en": "Why target quality drives NIF's fusion records", "ko": "타깃 품질이 NIF 핵융합 기록을 만드는 이유" }, "summary": { "en": "NIF's climb to 8.6 MJ and target gain above 4 came less from more laser power than from better fuel capsules. We explain how high-density carbon (diamond) capsules and hohlraum quality turned a one-off ignition into a repeatable record.", "ko": "NIF가 8.6 MJ·표적이득 4 이상으로 올라선 건 레이저 출력보다 더 나은 연료 캡슐 덕이 컸습니다. 고밀도 탄소(다이아몬드) 캡슐과 hohlraum 품질이 어떻게 일회성 점화를 반복 가능한 기록으로 바꿨는지 설명합니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/fc-target-quality", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/fc-target-quality" }, "relatedMetric": "fusion-q", "relatedActors": [ "nif" ], "source": { "url": "https://lasers.llnl.gov/news/target-breakthrough-enabled-fusion-record-nif", "type": "press", "publisher": "LLNL (NIF)", "publishedDate": "2026-02" } }, { "id": "f-helion-150c-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "150M°C + first private deuterium-tritium fusion", "ko": "150M°C + 첫 민간 중수소-삼중수소 핵융합" }, "summary": { "en": "Helion Energy — Polaris reaches 150M°C — first privately built machine to do D-T fusion, beating Helion's own 100M°C (Trenta).", "ko": "Helion Energy — Polaris가 1.5억°C 도달 — 첫 민간 제작 장치의 D-T 핵융합, 자체 기록 100M°C(Trenta) 경신." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-helion-150c-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-helion-150c-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "helion" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.helionenergy.com/newsroom/helion-achieves-new-fusion-energy-milestones", "type": "press", "publisher": "Helion Energy", "publishedDate": "2026-02" } }, { "id": "f-proxima-alpha-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Alpha stellarator — €2B European plant agreement", "ko": "Alpha 스텔러레이터 — €2B 유럽 발전소 협약" }, "summary": { "en": "Proxima Fusion / RWE / Bavaria / Max Planck IPP — Proxima Fusion, RWE, the Free State of Bavaria and Max Planck IPP signed an MOU to build Europe's first commercial stellarator fusion plant. It starts with 'Alpha', a €2B (~$2.3B) demonstration stellarator in Garching aiming to be the first stellarator to reach net energy gain (Q>1) in the 2030s; a commercial 'Stellaris' plant would follow at RWE's decommissioning Gundremmingen nuclear site. IPP leads physics, Proxima engineering, RWE plant construction.", "ko": "Proxima Fusion / RWE / 바이에른 / 막스플랑크 IPP — Proxima Fusion·RWE·바이에른주·막스플랑크 IPP가 유럽 첫 상업 스텔러레이터 핵융합 발전소 건설 MOU 체결. 가르힝의 €2B(~$2.3B) 실증기 'Alpha'로 시작 — 2030년대에 순에너지 이득(Q>1)을 달성하는 첫 스텔러레이터를 목표; 상업기 'Stellaris'는 RWE의 폐로 중인 Gundremmingen 원전 부지에 건설 예정. 물리는 IPP, 엔지니어링은 Proxima, 발전소 건설은 RWE 주도." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-proxima-alpha-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-proxima-alpha-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "proxima-fusion" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.ans.org/news/2026-03-03/article-7810/proxima-fusion-signs-mou-with-bavaria-rwe-and-max-planck-ipp-to-build-german-stellarator-power-plant/", "type": "press", "publisher": "ANS / Nuclear Newswire", "publishedDate": "2026-03" } }, { "id": "f-dtt-gyrotron-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First European MW-class 170 GHz gyrotron", "ko": "유럽 첫 MW급 170 GHz 자이로트론" }, "summary": { "en": "DTT / ENEA — The first 1 MW, 170 GHz gyrotron (THALES TH1509) for Italy's DTT passed acceptance at the Swiss Plasma Centre — 1 MW for 100 s, the first European demonstration of an industrial MW-class 170 GHz tube. A key step for DTT's ECRH heating; 15 more units to follow.", "ko": "DTT / ENEA — 이탈리아 DTT용 첫 1 MW·170 GHz 자이로트론(THALES TH1509)이 스위스 플라즈마센터에서 인수시험 통과 — 1 MW 100초, 유럽 첫 산업용 MW급 170 GHz 튜브 실증. DTT의 ECRH 가열을 위한 핵심 단계; 15기 추가 제작 예정." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-dtt-gyrotron-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-dtt-gyrotron-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "dtt" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.media.enea.it/en/press-releases-and-news/years-archive/year-2026/nuclear-fusion-energy-divertor-tokamak-test-reaches-a-major-milestone.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "ENEA", "publishedDate": "2026-02" } }, { "id": "h-apptronik-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Apptronik raises $520M at $5B valuation", "ko": "Apptronik $520M 조달, 기업가치 $5B" }, "summary": { "en": "Apptronik — A $520M Series A extension (backers include Google, Mercedes-Benz and the Qatar Investment Authority) values Apptronik at $5B and lifts total funding to ~$1B, to scale Apollo production toward ~$80k/unit at volume from 2027.", "ko": "Apptronik — $520M 시리즈 A 연장(구글·메르세데스벤츠·카타르투자청 등 참여)으로 기업가치 $5B, 누적 조달 ~$1B. 2027년부터 대당 ~$8만 양산을 목표로 Apollo 생산 확장." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-apptronik-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-apptronik-2026" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "relatedActors": [ "apptronik" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/11/apptronik-raises-520-million-at-5-billion-valuation-for-apollo-robot.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "CNBC / Apptronik", "publishedDate": "2026-02" } }, { "id": "h-digit-toyota-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-02", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Toyota signs commercial RaaS deal for Digit", "ko": "Toyota, Digit 상업 RaaS 계약 체결" }, "summary": { "en": "Agility Robotics / Toyota — Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada contracted seven Agility Digit humanoids (starting with three) for its Woodstock RAV4 plant under a robots-as-a-service deal (~$30/hr per robot) — a pilot-to-commercial step in auto manufacturing.", "ko": "Agility Robotics / Toyota — Toyota 캐나다 공장이 Agility Digit 휴머노이드 7대(3대부터 시작)를 Woodstock RAV4 공장에 로봇구독(RaaS, 시간당 ~$30/대) 계약 — 자동차 제조에서 파일럿→상업 단계." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-digit-toyota-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-digit-toyota-2026" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "relatedActors": [ "agility" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/agility-robotics-announces-commercial-agreement-with-toyota-motor-manufacturing-canada", "type": "press", "publisher": "Agility Robotics / Toyota", "publishedDate": "2026-02" } }, { "id": "stc-investable", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2026-01-29", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "Is there an investable bet in space stations?", "ko": "우주정거장에 투자할 수 있는 베팅이 있나" }, "summary": { "en": "Most station contenders are private — Vast is self-funded, Axiom and Blue Origin unlisted — leaving Voyager Technologies (NYSE: VOYG) as the main public play. Our read on a capital-hungry race with one listed runner. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "정거장 후보 대부분은 비상장입니다 — Vast는 자비 조달, Axiom·Blue Origin도 비상장 — 이라 Voyager Technologies(NYSE: VOYG)가 사실상 유일한 상장 베팅입니다. 자본 집약적 경주와 단 하나의 상장 주자에 대한 해석. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/stc-investable", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/stc-investable" }, "relatedMetric": "station-stage", "relatedActors": [ "voyager", "vast", "axiom-space" ] }, { "id": "scc-chokepoint", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01-27", "title": { "en": "Why leading-edge fabs are a chokepoint", "ko": "선단 팹이 병목인 이유" }, "summary": { "en": "A single advanced fab costs $20–30B and depends on EUV machines only ASML makes. That brutal economics narrows the frontier to a handful of firms — and makes leading-edge capacity one of the world's true chokepoints.", "ko": "선단 팹 한 곳에 200~300억 달러가 들고, ASML만 만드는 EUV 장비에 의존합니다. 이 가혹한 경제성이 프런티어를 소수 기업으로 좁히며, 선단 생산능력을 세계의 진짜 병목 중 하나로 만듭니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/scc-chokepoint", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/scc-chokepoint" }, "relatedMetric": "fab-capex", "relatedActors": [ "tsmc", "asml", "smic" ] }, { "id": "qc-nines", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01-26", "title": { "en": "The nines: why gate fidelity matters", "ko": "나인(9)의 의미: 게이트 충실도가 중요한 이유" }, "summary": { "en": "99.9% vs 99.99% looks like a rounding error but means 10× fewer mistakes. Error correction only pays off above a threshold near “three nines”; crossing “four nines” buys real headroom.", "ko": "99.9%와 99.99%는 반올림 오차처럼 보이지만 실수가 10배 적다는 뜻입니다. 오류정정은 “three nines” 부근 임계점을 넘어야 이득이고, “four nines” 돌파는 진짜 여유를 줍니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/qc-nines", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/qc-nines" }, "relatedMetric": "fidelity", "relatedActors": [ "ionq" ] }, { "id": "fc-breakeven", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01-22", "title": { "en": "Scientific vs engineering breakeven", "ko": "과학적 손익분기 vs 공학적 손익분기" }, "summary": { "en": "NIF passed scientific breakeven in 2022 — but the lasers drew ~300 MJ from the wall to deliver 2 MJ to the target. Engineering breakeven, where the whole plant nets energy, is the bar that matters for the grid.", "ko": "NIF는 2022년 과학적 손익분기를 넘었지만, 표적에 2 MJ를 전달하기 위해 레이저가 벽전력 약 300 MJ를 끌어썼습니다. 발전소 전체가 에너지를 남기는 공학적 손익분기가 전력망에 의미 있는 기준입니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/fc-breakeven", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/fc-breakeven" }, "relatedMetric": "fusion-q", "relatedActors": [ "nif" ] }, { "id": "stc-specs", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01-22", "title": { "en": "Reading station specs: volume vs crew", "ko": "정거장 스펙 읽기: 부피 vs 인원" }, "summary": { "en": "Station spec sheets range from Vast's 45 m³ Haven-1 to Blue Origin's 830 m³ Orbital Reef. Almost all of these are design figures, not flown hardware — here is how to read them against the ISS's ~916 m³.", "ko": "정거장 스펙은 Vast의 45 m³ Haven-1부터 Blue Origin의 830 m³ Orbital Reef까지 다양합니다. 거의 전부 비행한 기체가 아닌 설계값입니다 — ISS의 약 916 m³를 기준으로 읽는 법을 정리했습니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/stc-specs", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/stc-specs" }, "relatedMetric": "station-volume", "relatedActors": [ "blue-origin", "voyager", "vast" ] }, { "id": "scc-nodes", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01-20", "title": { "en": "What \"2nm\" really means", "ko": "‘2nm’이 정말 뜻하는 것" }, "summary": { "en": "No part of a \"2nm\" chip is 2 nanometers. Node names are marketing labels, not physical measurements — so we read them alongside transistor density and who is actually shipping in volume.", "ko": "‘2nm’ 칩에 2나노미터인 부분은 없습니다. 노드 명칭은 물리 치수가 아니라 마케팅 라벨이라, 우리는 트랜지스터 밀도와 ‘실제 양산 중인 곳’과 함께 읽습니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/scc-nodes", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/scc-nodes" }, "relatedMetric": "fab-node", "relatedActors": [ "tsmc", "samsung", "intel" ] }, { "id": "qc-below-threshold", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01-19", "title": { "en": "What “below threshold” means (Google Willow)", "ko": "“임계점 이하”란 무엇인가 (Google Willow)" }, "summary": { "en": "For decades, adding qubits added errors faster than you could correct them. “Below threshold” is the turning point where making the code bigger makes it more reliable — the precondition for a useful machine.", "ko": "수십 년간 qubit을 늘리면 정정보다 오류가 더 빨리 늘었습니다. “임계점 이하”는 코드를 키울수록 더 신뢰성이 높아지는 전환점으로, 쓸모 있는 기계의 전제조건입니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/qc-below-threshold", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/qc-below-threshold" }, "relatedMetric": "log-qubits", "relatedActors": [ "google" ] }, { "id": "fc-what-is-q", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01-15", "title": { "en": "What “Q” actually means in fusion", "ko": "핵융합에서 “Q”가 뜻하는 것" }, "summary": { "en": "Q is fusion energy out divided by energy in. Q=1 is scientific breakeven; a power plant needs Q well into the tens. We explain why NIF's “gain 4” and a plant's Q aren't the same number.", "ko": "Q는 핵융합 산출 에너지를 투입 에너지로 나눈 값입니다. Q=1이 과학적 손익분기이고, 발전소는 수십 단위의 Q가 필요합니다. NIF의 “이득 4”와 발전소의 Q가 왜 다른 숫자인지 설명합니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/fc-what-is-q", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/fc-what-is-q" }, "relatedMetric": "fusion-q" }, { "id": "stc-race", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01-15", "title": { "en": "The ISS retirement is a race", "ko": "ISS 퇴역은 곧 경쟁이다" }, "summary": { "en": "NASA plans to deorbit the ISS around 2030, and a field of private stations is racing to be ready before the lights go out in low Earth orbit. We track each contender's development stage — not their press releases.", "ko": "NASA는 2030년경 ISS를 폐기할 계획이고, 저궤도의 불이 꺼지기 전에 자리를 채우려는 민간 정거장들의 경주가 시작됐습니다. 우리는 보도자료가 아니라 각 후보의 개발 단계를 추적합니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/stc-race", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/stc-race" }, "relatedMetric": "station-stage", "relatedActors": [ "vast", "axiom-space", "voyager" ] }, { "id": "qc-phys-vs-logical", "kind": "explainer", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01-12", "title": { "en": "Physical vs logical qubits — don't confuse them", "ko": "물리적 vs 논리적 qubit — 혼동 금지" }, "summary": { "en": "A 6,100-qubit array and 96 logical qubits sound contradictory until you know the difference. Physical qubits are the raw, noisy hardware; logical qubits are many physical ones error-corrected into one reliable unit. The second number is the one that matters.", "ko": "6,100 qubit 배열과 96 논리적 qubit은 모순처럼 들리지만 차이를 알면 다릅니다. 물리적 qubit은 잡음 많은 원시 하드웨어이고, 논리적 qubit은 여러 물리 qubit을 오류정정해 만든 신뢰 단위입니다. 중요한 건 두 번째 숫자입니다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/qc-phys-vs-logical", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/qc-phys-vs-logical" }, "relatedMetric": "log-qubits" }, { "id": "f-east-density-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "EAST surpasses the Greenwald density limit", "ko": "EAST, Greenwald 밀도한계 돌파" }, "summary": { "en": "EAST (ASIPP) / CAS — EAST ran stable plasmas at 1.3–1.65× the Greenwald density limit (vs the usual 0.8–1.0) using ECRH-assisted ohmic start-up — clearing a decades-old barrier in magnetic confinement. Higher density lifts the fusion rate and the triple product toward breakeven. Published in Science Advances (Jan 2026); ASIPP, Huazhong University and Aix-Marseille.", "ko": "EAST (ASIPP) / CAS — EAST가 ECRH 보조 옴 시동으로 Greenwald 밀도한계의 1.3–1.65배(통상 0.8–1.0)에서 안정 플라즈마를 운전 — 자기가둠의 수십 년 난제를 돌파. 밀도가 높아지면 핵융합률과 삼중곱이 손익분기 쪽으로 올라간다. Science Advances 게재(2026-01); ASIPP·화중과기대·엑스마르세유대." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-east-density-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-east-density-2026" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "east" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz3040", "type": "paper", "publisher": "Science Advances (ASIPP et al.)", "publishedDate": "2026-01" } }, { "id": "q-96-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "96 logical qubits", "ko": "96 논리적 qubit" }, "summary": { "en": "QuEra / Harvard — Fault-tolerant architecture running algorithms on up to 96 logical qubits.", "ko": "QuEra / Harvard — 최대 96 논리적 qubit으로 알고리즘을 돌린 내고장성 아키텍처." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-96-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-96-2026" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "source": { "url": "https://www.quera.com/press-releases/quera-computing-marks-record-2025-as-the-year-of-fault-tolerance-and-over-230m-of-new-capital-to-accelerate-industrial-deployment", "type": "press", "publisher": "QuEra / Harvard", "publishedDate": "2026-01" } }, { "id": "a-tesla-unsupervised-2026", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2026-01", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First robotaxi rides with no in-car safety monitor", "ko": "차내 안전요원 없는 첫 로보택시 주행" }, "summary": { "en": "Tesla — Tesla began public Austin robotaxi rides with no human safety monitor in the car (22 Jan 2026); by June it covered the entire Austin metro (~245 sq mi, ~13–20 Model Ys), though remote operators can still intervene.", "ko": "Tesla — Tesla가 오스틴에서 차내 안전요원 없는 일반 로보택시 주행 시작(2026년 1월 22일); 6월엔 오스틴 광역 전역(~245 sq mi, Model Y ~13–20대) 커버 — 다만 원격 관제는 개입 가능." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/a-tesla-unsupervised-2026", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/a-tesla-unsupervised-2026" }, "fieldId": "av", "relatedActors": [ "tesla" ], "source": { "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/22/tesla-launches-robotaxi-rides-in-austin-with-no-human-safety-driver/", "type": "press", "publisher": "TechCrunch / Tesla", "publishedDate": "2026-01" } }, { "id": "a-waymo-450k-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "450,000+ paid rides per week", "ko": "주간 유료 운행 45만+" }, "summary": { "en": "Waymo — Roughly 1M rides a month across 10+ US cities, widening its lead.", "ko": "Waymo — 미국 10여 개 도시에서 월 약 100만 운행 — 선두 격차 확대." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/a-waymo-450k-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/a-waymo-450k-2025" }, "fieldId": "av", "source": { "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/12/08/waymo-paid-rides-robotaxi-tesla.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "CNBC", "publishedDate": "2025-12" } }, { "id": "s-b1067-32-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "32 flights on one booster", "ko": "단일 부스터 32회 비행" }, "summary": { "en": "SpaceX — Booster B1067 reached 32 launches and landings, far past Falcon 9's original 10-flight design life.", "ko": "SpaceX — 부스터 B1067이 32회 발사·착륙 달성 — Falcon 9 초기 설계수명 10회를 크게 초과." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-b1067-32-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-b1067-32-2025" }, "fieldId": "space", "source": { "url": "https://orbitaltoday.com/2025/12/12/spacex-falcon-9-booster-sets-new-record/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Orbital Today", "publishedDate": "2025-12" } }, { "id": "sc-2nm-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "2nm-class volume production begins", "ko": "2nm급 양산 시작" }, "summary": { "en": "TSMC / Samsung / Intel — All three leaders entered 2nm-class volume in 2025 (TSMC N2 in Q4); demand outstrips supply, with long foundry waitlists.", "ko": "TSMC / 삼성 / 인텔 — 2025년 3사 모두 2nm급 양산 진입(TSMC N2는 4분기); 수요가 공급을 초과해 파운드리 대기 장기화." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/sc-2nm-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/sc-2nm-2025" }, "fieldId": "fab", "relatedActors": [ "tsmc" ], "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_nm_process", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "q-helios-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-11", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Helios — \"world's most accurate\" quantum computer", "ko": "Helios — \"세계 최정확\" 양자컴퓨터" }, "summary": { "en": "Quantinuum — Quantinuum launched Helios: 98 trapped-ion (barium-137) physical qubits with 99.92% two-qubit-gate fidelity and all-to-all (QCCD) connectivity, running up to 48 error-corrected logical qubits — its most accurate commercial system.", "ko": "Quantinuum — Quantinuum이 Helios 출시: 98개 트랩이온(바륨-137) 물리 큐빗, 99.92% 2큐빗 게이트 충실도, 전결합(QCCD) 구조, 최대 48개 오류정정 논리 큐빗 — 자사 최정확 상용 시스템." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-helios-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-helios-2025" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "quantinuum" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.quantinuum.com/blog/introducing-helios-the-most-accurate-quantum-computer-in-the-world", "type": "press", "publisher": "Quantinuum", "publishedDate": "2025-11" } }, { "id": "s-newglenn-landing-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-11", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Second company lands an orbital booster", "ko": "두 번째 기업의 궤도 부스터 착륙" }, "summary": { "en": "Blue Origin — New Glenn's first stage landed at sea — the first reusable orbital rocket besides Falcon.", "ko": "Blue Origin — New Glenn 1단이 해상 착륙 — Falcon 외 최초의 재사용 궤도 로켓." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-newglenn-landing-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-newglenn-landing-2025" }, "fieldId": "space", "source": { "url": "https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-glenn-launches-nasas-escapade-lands-fully-reusable-booster", "type": "press", "publisher": "Blue Origin", "publishedDate": "2025-11" } }, { "id": "st-vast-qual-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-11", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Vast completes Haven-1 qualification testing", "ko": "Vast, Haven-1 인증시험 완료" }, "summary": { "en": "Vast — Vast finished structural qualification of Haven-1 and flew a pathfinder — clearing the path to launch.", "ko": "Vast — Vast가 Haven-1 구조 인증을 마치고 선행 임무를 비행 — 발사 길을 열었다." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/st-vast-qual-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/st-vast-qual-2025" }, "fieldId": "station", "relatedActors": [ "vast" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2025/11/vast-haven-1-update/", "type": "press", "publisher": "NASASpaceflight", "publishedDate": "2025-11" } }, { "id": "sc-18a-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-11", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Backside power delivery reaches volume", "ko": "백사이드 전력공급 양산 도달" }, "summary": { "en": "Intel (18A) — Intel's 18A brought PowerVia backside power to a volume node — a structural change rivals are still adopting.", "ko": "인텔 (18A) — 인텔 18A가 PowerVia 백사이드 전력을 양산 노드에 도입 — 경쟁사도 도입 중인 구조적 변화." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/sc-18a-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/sc-18a-2025" }, "fieldId": "fab", "relatedActors": [ "intel" ], "source": { "url": "https://semiwiki.com/semiconductor-manufacturers/tsmc/367081-global-2nm-supply-crunch-tsmc-leads-as-intel-18a-samsung-and-rapidus-race-to-compete/", "type": "analysis", "publisher": "SemiWiki", "publishedDate": "2026-01" } }, { "id": "f-helion-malaga-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-10", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First commercial fusion plant permitted & under construction", "ko": "첫 상업 핵융합 발전소 인허가·착공" }, "summary": { "en": "Helion Energy — Chelan County permits Helion's Orion plant in Malaga, WA — up to 50 MW to Microsoft, targeted by 2028.", "ko": "Helion Energy — Chelan 카운티가 Helion의 Orion 발전소(워싱턴 Malaga) 인허가 — 마이크로소프트에 최대 50 MW, 2028 목표." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-helion-malaga-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-helion-malaga-2025" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "helion" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.helionenergy.com/articles/helion-receives-approvals-for-next-phase-of-construction-of-worlds-first-commercial-fusion-power-plant/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Helion Energy", "publishedDate": "2025-10" } }, { "id": "q-fidelity-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-10", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "“Four nines” 2-qubit gate (99.99%)", "ko": "“four nines” 2-qubit 게이트 (99.99%)" }, "summary": { "en": "IonQ — First two-qubit gate fidelity past 99.99% — comfortable headroom over the EC threshold.", "ko": "IonQ — 최초로 2-qubit 게이트 충실도 99.99% 돌파 — 오류정정 임계점 대비 여유." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-fidelity-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-fidelity-2025" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "source": { "url": "https://www.ionq.com/news/ionq-achieves-landmark-result-setting-new-world-record-in-quantum-computing", "type": "press", "publisher": "IonQ", "publishedDate": "2025-10" } }, { "id": "h-consumer-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-10", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First consumer humanoid preorders", "ko": "첫 가정용 휴머노이드 예약" }, "summary": { "en": "1X / Figure — 1X opened NEO home-robot preorders; Figure unveiled the Figure 03 home humanoid.", "ko": "1X / Figure — 1X가 NEO 가정용 로봇 예약 개시; Figure는 가정용 Figure 03 공개." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-consumer-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-consumer-2025" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_robot", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "dc-rainier-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-10", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Largest cluster on custom (non-GPU) AI silicon", "ko": "커스텀(비-GPU) AI 칩 기반 최대 클러스터" }, "summary": { "en": "AWS (Project Rainier) / Anthropic — AWS activated Project Rainier — nearly 500,000 of its own Trainium2 chips across multiple US data centers, one of the world's largest AI compute clusters and the biggest built on custom silicon rather than Nvidia GPUs. Anthropic trains and serves Claude on it (>5x its previous training compute), scaling toward 1M+ Trainium2 chips — a proof point that frontier-scale compute can run on a hyperscaler's in-house accelerators.", "ko": "AWS (Project Rainier) / Anthropic — AWS가 Project Rainier 가동 — 미국 내 여러 데이터센터에 자체 Trainium2 칩 약 50만 개, 세계 최대급 AI 컴퓨트 클러스터이자 Nvidia GPU가 아닌 커스텀 실리콘으로 구축된 최대 규모. Anthropic이 이 위에서 Claude를 학습·서빙(직전 학습 컴퓨트의 5배 이상)하며 100만+ Trainium2로 확장 중 — 프런티어급 컴퓨트가 하이퍼스케일러 자체 가속기로 구동될 수 있음을 입증." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/dc-rainier-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/dc-rainier-2025" }, "fieldId": "datacenter", "relatedActors": [ "amazon" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-project-rainier-ai-trainium-chips-compute-cluster", "type": "press", "publisher": "AWS / Amazon", "publishedDate": "2025-10" } }, { "id": "q-caltech-6100-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-09", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "6,100-qubit neutral-atom array", "ko": "6,100 큐빗 중성원자 배열" }, "summary": { "en": "Caltech — Caltech trapped 6,100 cesium atoms in optical tweezers — roughly 10× prior arrays — holding superposition ~13 s with 99.98% single-qubit accuracy and shuttling atoms without decohering, a key enabler for error correction. Published in Nature.", "ko": "Caltech — Caltech가 광 트위저로 세슘 원자 6,100개 포획 — 기존 대비 약 10배 — 중첩 ~13초 유지, 단일큐빗 정확도 99.98%, 결맞음 유지한 채 원자 이동까지 실현(오류정정 핵심). Nature 게재." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-caltech-6100-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-caltech-6100-2025" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "caltech" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-team-sets-record-with-6100-qubit-array", "type": "press", "publisher": "Caltech", "publishedDate": "2025-09" } }, { "id": "s-oklo-aurora-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-09", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Groundbreaking on first Aurora powerhouse", "ko": "첫 Aurora 발전소 착공" }, "summary": { "en": "Oklo / Idaho National Lab — Oklo broke ground (22 Sep 2025) on Aurora-INL — its first Aurora Powerhouse, a 75-MWe liquid-metal-cooled, metal-fueled fast reactor at Idaho National Laboratory (building on EBR-II heritage) under DOE's Reactor Pilot Program, with Kiewit as lead constructor.", "ko": "Oklo / 아이다호 국립연구소 — Oklo가 2025년 9월 22일 Aurora-INL 착공 — 아이다호 국립연구소의 첫 Aurora 발전소(75 MWe 액체금속냉각·금속연료 고속로, EBR-II 계보). DOE 원자로 파일럿 프로그램 하에 Kiewit이 주시공." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-oklo-aurora-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-oklo-aurora-2025" }, "fieldId": "smr", "relatedActors": [ "oklo" ], "source": { "url": "https://oklo.com/newsroom/news-details/2025/Oklo-Breaks-Ground-on-First-Aurora-Powerhouse/default.aspx", "type": "press", "publisher": "Oklo", "publishedDate": "2025-09" } }, { "id": "h-figure-39b-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-09", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Figure hits $39B valuation", "ko": "Figure 기업가치 390억 달러" }, "summary": { "en": "Figure AI — $1B+ Series C — a 15× jump from its $2.6B valuation in early 2024.", "ko": "Figure AI — 10억 달러+ 시리즈 C — 2024년 초 26억 달러 대비 15배." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-figure-39b-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-figure-39b-2025" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "source": { "url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-09-16/robotics-startup-figure-ai-valued-at-39-billion-in-new-funding", "type": "press", "publisher": "Bloomberg", "publishedDate": "2025-09" } }, { "id": "e-joby-airports-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-08", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First piloted flight between two airports", "ko": "공항 간 첫 유인 비행" }, "summary": { "en": "Joby Aviation — Joby flew a piloted eVTOL air taxi from Marina to Monterey — the first such flight between two public airports.", "ko": "Joby Aviation — Joby가 마리나→몬터레이로 유인 eVTOL 비행 — 두 공공 공항 간 첫 비행." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/e-joby-airports-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/e-joby-airports-2025" }, "fieldId": "evtol", "source": { "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250815462276/en/Joby-Achieves-the-First-Piloted-eVTOL-Air-Taxi-Flight-Between-Two-Public-Airports", "type": "press", "publisher": "Joby Aviation / Business Wire", "publishedDate": "2025-08" } }, { "id": "a-waymo-100m-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-07", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "100M fully autonomous miles", "ko": "완전 자율 주행 1억 마일" }, "summary": { "en": "Waymo — Crossed 100M rider-only miles, doubling from 50M in seven months.", "ko": "Waymo — 무인 주행 1억 마일 돌파 — 7개월 만에 5천만에서 두 배." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/a-waymo-100m-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/a-waymo-100m-2025" }, "fieldId": "av", "source": { "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/waymo-reaches-100m-fully-autonomous-miles-across-all-deployments/", "type": "press", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "publishedDate": "2025-07" } }, { "id": "aic-bubble", "kind": "analysis", "isOpinion": true, "date": "2025-06-05", "author": "Frontier Milestones", "title": { "en": "Is frontier AI investment a bubble?", "ko": "프론티어 AI 투자는 거품일까" }, "summary": { "en": "US private AI investment hit $109B in 2024 — then 2025's efficiency shock (DeepSeek) made the bubble question sharper, not simpler. Our read on whether capital is ahead of capability. (Our opinion, not investment advice.)", "ko": "2024년 미국 민간 AI 투자는 $109B — 그리고 2025년의 효율 충격(DeepSeek)이 거품 논쟁을 더 단순하게가 아니라 더 날카롭게 만들었습니다. 자본이 역량을 앞질렀는지에 대한 해석. (우리의 의견이며 투자조언이 아닙니다.)" }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/articles/aic-bubble", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/articles/aic-bubble" }, "relatedMetric": "agi-investment", "relatedActors": [ "openai", "anthropic", "xai", "deepseek" ] }, { "id": "f-iter-westinghouse-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Westinghouse $180M ITER vacuum-vessel contract", "ko": "Westinghouse $180M ITER 진공용기 계약" }, "summary": { "en": "ITER / Westinghouse — A $180M contract for Westinghouse to complete and weld ITER's vacuum vessel — the hermetic double-walled steel chamber that houses the plasma — joining its nine sectors into a single ring, the most intensive stage of ITER assembly.", "ko": "ITER / Westinghouse — Westinghouse가 ITER 진공용기(플라즈마를 담는 밀폐 이중벽 강철 챔버)를 완성·용접해 9개 섹터를 하나의 링으로 결합하는 $180M 계약 — ITER 조립에서 가장 집약적인 단계." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-iter-westinghouse-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-iter-westinghouse-2025" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "iter" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250630497810/en/Westinghouse-and-ITER-Sign-a-$180M-Contract-to-Advance-Nuclear-Fusion", "type": "press", "publisher": "Westinghouse / ITER", "publishedDate": "2025-06" } }, { "id": "a-tesla-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Tesla launches a robotaxi pilot", "ko": "Tesla 로보택시 파일럿 개시" }, "summary": { "en": "Tesla — Tesla began a limited robotaxi pilot in Austin — early and small-scale.", "ko": "Tesla — Tesla가 오스틴에서 제한적 로보택시 파일럿 시작 — 초기·소규모." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/a-tesla-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/a-tesla-2025" }, "fieldId": "av", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waymo", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "b-neuralink-9b-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "BCI startup hits $9B valuation", "ko": "BCI 스타트업 90억 달러 가치" }, "summary": { "en": "Neuralink — A $650M Series E valued Neuralink at a reported $9B, with five patients implanted.", "ko": "Neuralink — 6.5억 달러 시리즈 E로 Neuralink 가치 90억 달러(보도 기준), 환자 5명 이식." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-neuralink-9b-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-neuralink-9b-2025" }, "fieldId": "bci", "source": { "url": "https://neuralink.com/updates/neuralink-raises-650m-series-e/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Neuralink", "publishedDate": "2025-06" } }, { "id": "s-bwrx-darlington-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First Western SMR construction approved", "ko": "서방 첫 SMR 건설 승인" }, "summary": { "en": "GE Vernova Hitachi / OPG — BWRX-300 construction approved at OPG's Darlington site in Ontario, Canada.", "ko": "GE Vernova Hitachi / OPG — 캐나다 온타리오 OPG 달링턴 부지에 BWRX-300 건설 승인." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-bwrx-darlington-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-bwrx-darlington-2025" }, "fieldId": "smr", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWRX-300", "type": "db", "publisher": "GE Vernova Hitachi / OPG", "publishedDate": "2025-05" } }, { "id": "b-synchron-apple-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First native BCI–consumer device link", "ko": "첫 BCI–소비자기기 네이티브 연동" }, "summary": { "en": "Synchron / Apple — Synchron users gained native thought-control of iPhone, iPad and Vision Pro via Apple's BCI HID profile.", "ko": "Synchron / Apple — Synchron 사용자가 Apple BCI HID로 iPhone·iPad·Vision Pro를 생각으로 직접 제어." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-synchron-apple-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-synchron-apple-2025" }, "fieldId": "bci", "source": { "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250513927084/en/Synchron-To-Achieve-First-Native-Brain-Computer-Interface-Integration-with-iPhone-iPad-and-Apple-Vision-Pro", "type": "press", "publisher": "Synchron / Business Wire", "publishedDate": "2025-05" } }, { "id": "b-paradromics-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Third company implants a human BCI", "ko": "세 번째 기업의 사람 BCI 이식" }, "summary": { "en": "Paradromics — Paradromics recorded from its Connexus BCI in a human during a 20-minute procedure, widening the race.", "ko": "Paradromics — Paradromics가 20분 시술 중 Connexus BCI로 사람에게서 신호 기록 — 경쟁 확대." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-paradromics-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-paradromics-2025" }, "fieldId": "bci", "source": { "url": "https://www.paradromics.com/news/paradromics-completes-first-in-human-recording-with-the-connexus-brain-computer-interface", "type": "press", "publisher": "Paradromics", "publishedDate": "2025-06" } }, { "id": "ai-claude4-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Reasoning & agentic coding becomes the frontier (Claude Opus 4)", "ko": "추론·에이전트형 코딩이 프런티어로 (Claude Opus 4)" }, "summary": { "en": "Anthropic (Claude Opus 4) — Anthropic's Claude Opus 4 launched with extended thinking and sustained autonomous coding over long tasks — part of a 2025 shift where reasoning/agentic models, not raw scale alone, drove the frontier.", "ko": "Anthropic (Claude Opus 4) — 앤트로픽 Claude Opus 4가 확장된 사고와 장시간 자율 코딩으로 출시 — 단순 규모가 아니라 추론·에이전트형 모델이 2025년 프런티어를 이끈 흐름의 일부." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-claude4-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-claude4-2025" }, "fieldId": "agi", "relatedActors": [ "anthropic" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-4", "type": "press", "publisher": "Anthropic", "publishedDate": "2025-05" } }, { "id": "f-nif-gain4-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Target gain 4.13 (8.6 MJ yield)", "ko": "표적이득 4.13 (산출 8.6 MJ)" }, "summary": { "en": "NIF / LLNL — Eighth ignition shot — more than quadruple the laser energy delivered.", "ko": "NIF / LLNL — 여덟 번째 점화 — 투입 레이저 에너지의 4배 이상 산출." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-nif-gain4-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-nif-gain4-2025" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "source": { "url": "https://lasers.llnl.gov/about/keys-to-success/nif-sets-power-energy-records", "type": "press", "publisher": "LLNL (NIF)", "publishedDate": "2025-04" } }, { "id": "b-precision-fda-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First FDA clearance for a next-gen BCI array", "ko": "차세대 BCI 어레이 첫 FDA 승인" }, "summary": { "en": "Precision Neuroscience — The Layer 7 cortical interface (1,024 electrodes) got 510(k) clearance — a regulatory first for the new wave.", "ko": "Precision Neuroscience — Layer 7 피질 인터페이스(1,024 전극)가 510(k) 승인 — 신세대 BCI의 규제 첫 관문." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-precision-fda-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-precision-fda-2025" }, "fieldId": "bci", "source": { "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/04/17/3063418/0/en/Precision-Neuroscience-Receives-FDA-Clearance-for-High-Resolution-Cortical-Electrode-Array.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "Precision Neuroscience", "publishedDate": "2025-04" } }, { "id": "ai-arc2-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Goalposts move: ARC-AGI-2 launches", "ko": "기준 상향: ARC-AGI-2 출범" }, "summary": { "en": "ARC Prize — A harder successor — still easy for humans, hard for AI — resetting the abstraction frontier as v1 saturated.", "ko": "ARC Prize — 더 어려운 후속 — 사람엔 여전히 쉽고 AI엔 어려움 — v1 포화에 맞춰 추상화 프런티어를 재설정." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-arc2-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-arc2-2025" }, "fieldId": "agi", "source": { "url": "https://arcprize.org/blog/announcing-arc-agi-2-and-arc-prize-2025", "type": "press", "publisher": "ARC Prize", "publishedDate": "2025-03" } }, { "id": "f-west-1337-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-02", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "1,337 s plasma — longest ever (≈22 min)", "ko": "1,337초 플라즈마 — 역대 최장 (≈22분)" }, "summary": { "en": "WEST (CEA) — WEST (CEA, France) held a hydrogen plasma for 1,337 s — about 22 minutes — at 50M°C with a tungsten wall and 2 MW of heating, surpassing EAST's 1,066 s by ~25% for the longest sustained fusion plasma on record.", "ko": "WEST (CEA) — WEST(프랑스 CEA)가 텅스텐 벽·2 MW 가열로 5천만°C 수소 플라즈마를 1,337초(약 22분) 유지 — EAST의 1,066초를 약 25% 경신한 역대 최장 지속 핵융합 플라즈마." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-west-1337-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-west-1337-2025" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "west" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.cea.fr/english/Pages/News/nuclear-fusion-west-beats-the-world-record-for-plasma-duration.aspx", "type": "press", "publisher": "CEA-IRFM", "publishedDate": "2025-02" } }, { "id": "f-east-1066-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-01", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "1,066 s high-confinement plasma", "ko": "1,066초 고가둠 플라즈마" }, "summary": { "en": "EAST (ASIPP) — Steady-state operation past 1,000 s — the bridge to a power plant.", "ko": "EAST (ASIPP) — 1,000초를 넘는 정상상태 운전 — 발전소로 가는 다리." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-east-1066-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-east-1066-2025" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "source": { "url": "https://english.cas.cn/newsroom/cas_media/202501/t20250121_899052.shtml", "type": "press", "publisher": "ASIPP / CAS", "publishedDate": "2025-01" } }, { "id": "h-apollo-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Humanoid piloted on auto assembly lines", "ko": "완성차 조립라인 휴머노이드 파일럿" }, "summary": { "en": "Apptronik / Mercedes-Benz — Apollo piloted for parts delivery and inspection at Mercedes-Benz.", "ko": "Apptronik / Mercedes-Benz — Apollo가 메르세데스-벤츠에서 부품 운반·검사 파일럿." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-apollo-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-apollo-2025" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_robot", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "e-volocopter-easa-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First European eVTOL nears certification", "ko": "첫 유럽 eVTOL 인증 임박" }, "summary": { "en": "Volocopter — After insolvency and a Wanfeng buyout, Volocopter resumed its EASA path with 2,000+ test flights logged.", "ko": "Volocopter — 파산과 Wanfeng 인수 후, Volocopter가 2,000회 이상 시험비행을 안고 EASA 인증 경로 재개." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/e-volocopter-easa-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/e-volocopter-easa-2025" }, "fieldId": "evtol", "source": { "url": "https://verticalmag.com/news/volocopter-rebounds-with-new-owner-resumes-certification-path/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Vertical Mag", "publishedDate": "2025" } }, { "id": "ai-1e26-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Frontier training compute passes 1e26 FLOP", "ko": "프론티어 학습 컴퓨트 1e26 FLOP 돌파" }, "summary": { "en": "frontier labs — Largest models crossed 1e26 FLOP — a 10× jump over GPT-4, with compute still growing ~4–5× per year.", "ko": "프론티어 연구소 — 최대 모델이 1e26 FLOP 돌파 — GPT-4의 10배, 컴퓨트는 여전히 연 약 4~5배 성장." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-1e26-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-1e26-2025" }, "fieldId": "agi", "source": { "url": "https://epoch.ai/data-insights/open-models-threshold", "type": "db", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "publishedDate": "2025" } }, { "id": "ai-deepseek-r1-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-01", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Open reasoning model rivals the frontier — at a fraction of the cost", "ko": "오픈 추론 모델, 일부 비용으로 프런티어에 필적" }, "summary": { "en": "DeepSeek (R1) — DeepSeek-R1, an openly released RL-trained reasoning model, matched leading closed models on math and coding — triggering a market reckoning over AI capex.", "ko": "DeepSeek (R1) — 공개된 RL 추론 모델 DeepSeek-R1이 수학·코딩에서 선두 폐쇄 모델에 필적 — AI 자본지출에 대한 시장의 재평가를 촉발." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-deepseek-r1-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-deepseek-r1-2025" }, "fieldId": "agi", "relatedActors": [ "deepseek" ], "source": { "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12948", "type": "paper", "publisher": "DeepSeek-AI", "publishedDate": "2025-01" } }, { "id": "ai-hle-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-01", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "A benchmark built to resist saturation: Humanity's Last Exam", "ko": "포화를 견디게 설계된 벤치마크: Humanity's Last Exam" }, "summary": { "en": "CAIS · Scale AI — As models saturated existing tests, a 2,500-question expert exam launched on which frontier models initially scored in the single digits — a fresh yardstick for the distance to general capability.", "ko": "CAIS · Scale AI — 기존 시험이 포화되자, 프런티어 모델이 처음엔 한 자릿수에 그친 2,500문항 전문가 시험이 등장 — 일반 역량까지의 거리를 재는 새 잣대." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-hle-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-hle-2025" }, "fieldId": "agi", "source": { "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14249", "type": "paper", "publisher": "Center for AI Safety & Scale AI", "publishedDate": "2025-01" } }, { "id": "dc-stargate-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025-01", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Stargate Project announced ($500B)", "ko": "Stargate 프로젝트 발표(5,000억 달러)" }, "summary": { "en": "OpenAI / Oracle / SoftBank — A $500B, ~10 GW US data-center program was announced, with the first multi-GW campus rising in Abilene, Texas — the largest compute buildout ever committed.", "ko": "OpenAI / 오라클 / 소프트뱅크 — 5,000억 달러·약 10GW 규모의 미국 데이터센터 프로그램 발표, 첫 다GW 캠퍼스가 텍사스 애빌린에 건설 — 역대 최대 컴퓨트 건설 약정." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/dc-stargate-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/dc-stargate-2025" }, "fieldId": "datacenter", "relatedActors": [ "oracle" ], "source": { "url": "https://openai.com/index/announcing-the-stargate-project/", "type": "press", "publisher": "OpenAI / Oracle / SoftBank", "publishedDate": "2025-01" } }, { "id": "dc-colossus-200k-2025", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2025", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Gigawatt-class cluster online", "ko": "기가와트급 클러스터 가동" }, "summary": { "en": "xAI (Colossus) — Colossus scaled to ~200,000 GPUs and gigawatt-class power as GB200 racks came online — the first single site to approach 1 GW of AI compute.", "ko": "xAI (Colossus) — GB200 랙 가동과 함께 Colossus가 약 20만 GPU·기가와트급 전력으로 확대 — 단일 사이트로 1GW AI 컴퓨트에 처음 근접." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/dc-colossus-200k-2025", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/dc-colossus-200k-2025" }, "fieldId": "datacenter", "relatedActors": [ "xai" ], "source": { "url": "https://x.ai/news/colossus", "type": "press", "publisher": "xAI", "publishedDate": "2024-09" } }, { "id": "q-willow-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Below-threshold error correction (Willow)", "ko": "임계점 이하 오류정정 (Willow)" }, "summary": { "en": "Google — Errors fell as the code grew — the long-sought sign that scaling can work.", "ko": "Google — 코드를 키울수록 오류가 줄었다 — 확장이 통한다는 오랜 숙원의 신호." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-willow-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-willow-2024" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "source": { "url": "https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/research/google-willow-quantum-chip/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Google", "publishedDate": "2024-12" } }, { "id": "q-rigetti-ankaa3-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Ankaa-3 — 84 qubits at 99.5% 2-qubit fidelity", "ko": "Ankaa-3 — 84큐빗·2큐빗 충실도 99.5%" }, "summary": { "en": "Rigetti Computing — Rigetti launched its 84-qubit Ankaa-3 superconducting system with a 99.5% median two-qubit gate fidelity — a major reliability jump from a redesigned qubit layout and Alternating-Bias Assisted Annealing, available on Rigetti's cloud and later AWS Braket / Azure.", "ko": "Rigetti Computing — Rigetti가 84큐빗 Ankaa-3 초전도 시스템 출시 — 2큐빗 게이트 중앙값 충실도 99.5%. 큐빗 레이아웃 재설계와 ABAA 기법으로 신뢰도 대폭 향상, 자사 클라우드 및 이후 AWS Braket·Azure 제공." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-rigetti-ankaa3-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-rigetti-ankaa3-2024" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "relatedActors": [ "rigetti" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.rigetti.com/news/rigetti-computing-launches-84-qubit-ankaa-3-system-achieves-99-5-median-two-qubit-gate-fidelity-milestone", "type": "press", "publisher": "Rigetti Computing", "publishedDate": "2024-12" } }, { "id": "ai-o3-arc-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "AI beats the ARC-AGI abstraction test", "ko": "AI, ARC-AGI 추상화 시험 돌파" }, "summary": { "en": "OpenAI (o3) — o3 scored 76–88% on ARC-AGI-1 (human ~85%) — the first AI to move beyond memorization on it.", "ko": "OpenAI (o3) — o3가 ARC-AGI-1에서 76~88%(인간 ~85%) — 암기를 넘어선 첫 AI." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-o3-arc-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-o3-arc-2024" }, "fieldId": "agi", "relatedActors": [ "openai" ], "source": { "url": "https://arcprize.org/blog/oai-o3-pub-breakthrough", "type": "press", "publisher": "ARC Prize", "publishedDate": "2024-12" } }, { "id": "dc-capex-200b-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Hyperscaler AI capex passes $200B/yr", "ko": "하이퍼스케일러 AI capex 연 2,000억 달러 돌파" }, "summary": { "en": "Microsoft / Google / Amazon / Meta — Combined annual capital spending by the four largest US hyperscalers crossed $200B, dominated by AI data centers — the fastest capex ramp in corporate history.", "ko": "MS / 구글 / 아마존 / 메타 — 미국 4대 하이퍼스케일러의 합산 연간 설비투자가 2,000억 달러를 넘어섬, AI 데이터센터가 견인 — 기업 역사상 가장 빠른 capex 확대." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/dc-capex-200b-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/dc-capex-200b-2024" }, "fieldId": "datacenter", "source": { "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/big-tech-ai-capex-2025/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Reuters", "publishedDate": "2025" } }, { "id": "dc-colossus-100k-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-09", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First 100,000-GPU training cluster", "ko": "첫 10만 GPU 학습 클러스터" }, "summary": { "en": "xAI (Colossus) — xAI brought its Colossus cluster in Memphis online with ~100,000 H100 GPUs (~150 MW), built in months — the first single cluster at six-figure GPU scale.", "ko": "xAI (Colossus) — xAI가 멤피스 Colossus 클러스터를 약 10만 개 H100 GPU(약 150MW)로 수개월 만에 가동 — 단일 클러스터로 6자리 GPU 규모 첫 도달." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/dc-colossus-100k-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/dc-colossus-100k-2024" }, "fieldId": "datacenter", "relatedActors": [ "xai" ], "source": { "url": "https://x.ai/news/colossus", "type": "press", "publisher": "xAI", "publishedDate": "2024-09" } }, { "id": "h-figure-bmw-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-08", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First humanoid on a car production line", "ko": "자동차 생산라인 첫 휴머노이드" }, "summary": { "en": "Figure AI / BMW — Figure spent ~11 months at BMW Spartanburg, supporting 30,000+ vehicles.", "ko": "Figure AI / BMW — Figure가 BMW 스파턴버그에서 약 11개월간 3만 대 이상 차량 작업 지원." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-figure-bmw-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-figure-bmw-2024" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "source": { "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/figure-ai-raises-1b-in-series-c-funding-toward-humanoid-robot-development/", "type": "press", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "publishedDate": "2025-09" } }, { "id": "b-speech-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-08", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First high-accuracy real-time speech neuroprosthesis", "ko": "첫 고정확도 실시간 음성 신경보철" }, "summary": { "en": "UC Davis / BrainGate2 — A BrainGate2 intracortical BCI at UC Davis decoded a man with ALS's attempted speech into on-screen words and synthesized voice in real time at up to ~97-99% accuracy from a large vocabulary (NEJM) — the first speech BCI accurate enough for natural conversation. It has since been used independently at home for thousands of hours, marking the shift from lab demo to daily communication.", "ko": "UC Davis / BrainGate2 — UC Davis의 BrainGate2 침습형 BCI가 ALS 환자의 발화 시도를 대규모 어휘에서 최대 ~97-99% 정확도로 실시간 해독·음성 합성(NEJM) — 자연스러운 대화가 가능한 첫 음성 BCI. 이후 가정에서 수천 시간 독립 사용되며 실험실 데모에서 일상 의사소통으로 전환." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-speech-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-speech-2024" }, "fieldId": "bci", "source": { "url": "https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/new-brain-computer-interface-allows-man-with-als-to-speak-again/2024/08", "type": "press", "publisher": "UC Davis Health", "publishedDate": "2024-08" } }, { "id": "h-atlas-electric-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "All-new fully electric Atlas unveiled", "ko": "완전 전기형 신형 Atlas 공개" }, "summary": { "en": "Boston Dynamics — Boston Dynamics retired its decade-old hydraulic Atlas and revealed a fully electric Atlas with super-human range of motion (360° hip, waist and neck rotation) — its pivot from research robot to industrial humanoid, with pilots beginning at Hyundai.", "ko": "Boston Dynamics — Boston Dynamics가 10년 된 유압식 Atlas를 은퇴시키고 완전 전기형 Atlas 공개 — 인간을 넘는 가동범위(고관절·허리·목 360° 회전). 연구용에서 산업용 휴머노이드로 전환, 현대차에서 파일럿 시작." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-atlas-electric-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-atlas-electric-2024" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "relatedActors": [ "boston-dynamics" ], "source": { "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/electric-new-era-for-atlas/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "publishedDate": "2024-04" } }, { "id": "f-kstar-hmode-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "KSTAR — 102 s H-mode and 100M°C for 48 s", "ko": "KSTAR — H-모드 102초·1억°C 48초" }, "summary": { "en": "KSTAR / KFE — In its 2023–24 campaign, after a tungsten divertor upgrade, KSTAR sustained high-confinement (H-mode) plasma for 102 s and held ion temperatures of 100M°C for 48 s — both device records. The team's next goal is 300 s above 100M°C by the end of 2026.", "ko": "KSTAR / KFE — 텅스텐 다이버터 업그레이드 후 2023–24 캠페인에서 KSTAR가 고가둠(H-모드) 플라즈마를 102초 유지하고, 이온 온도 1억°C를 48초 유지 — 모두 자체 기록. 다음 목표는 2026년 말까지 1억°C 이상 300초." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-kstar-hmode-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-kstar-hmode-2024" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "relatedActors": [ "kstar" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1039244", "type": "press", "publisher": "Korea Institute of Fusion Energy (KFE)", "publishedDate": "2024-03" } }, { "id": "h-digit-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Humanoid enters paid warehouse pilots", "ko": "휴머노이드 유료 물류 파일럿 진입" }, "summary": { "en": "Agility Robotics — Digit began moving totes in paid pilots at GXO and Amazon.", "ko": "Agility Robotics — Digit가 GXO·아마존에서 유료 파일럿으로 토트 운반 시작." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-digit-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-digit-2024" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_robot", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "b-neuralink-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024-01", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First Neuralink human implant", "ko": "Neuralink 첫 사람 이식" }, "summary": { "en": "Neuralink — Noland Arbaugh received the 1,024-electrode N1; weeks later he moved a cursor and played chess by thought.", "ko": "Neuralink — Noland Arbaugh가 1,024 전극 N1 이식; 몇 주 뒤 생각만으로 커서 이동·체스." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-neuralink-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-neuralink-2024" }, "fieldId": "bci", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noland_Arbaugh", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2024-01" } }, { "id": "sc-hbm-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "HBM3E ships for AI accelerators", "ko": "AI 가속기용 HBM3E 양산" }, "summary": { "en": "SK hynix — High-bandwidth memory became the other scarce frontier part, with SK hynix leading supply for AI GPUs.", "ko": "SK하이닉스 — 고대역폭 메모리가 또 하나의 희소 프런티어 부품으로 부상, SK하이닉스가 AI GPU 공급 선도." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/sc-hbm-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/sc-hbm-2024" }, "fieldId": "fab", "relatedActors": [ "sk-hynix" ], "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Bandwidth_Memory", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "bat-qs-qse5-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2024", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Anode-free cell (QSE-5) B-samples ship", "ko": "무음극 셀(QSE-5) B-샘플 출하" }, "summary": { "en": "QuantumScape — QuantumScape shipped B-samples of its QSE-5 lithium-metal cell (~844 Wh/L) to automotive customers for qualification — a step from prototype toward a product.", "ko": "퀀텀스케이프 — 퀀텀스케이프가 QSE-5 리튬금속 셀(약 844Wh/L)의 B-샘플을 완성차 고객에 인증용으로 출하 — 시제품에서 제품으로 가는 단계." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/bat-qs-qse5-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/bat-qs-qse5-2024" }, "fieldId": "battery", "relatedActors": [ "quantumscape" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.quantumscape.com/qse-5/", "type": "press", "publisher": "QuantumScape", "publishedDate": "2025" } }, { "id": "f-jet-69mj-2024", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "69 MJ — world fusion energy record", "ko": "69 MJ — 세계 핵융합 에너지 기록" }, "summary": { "en": "JET (UKAEA) — JET's final deuterium-tritium campaign, from just 0.2 mg of fuel.", "ko": "JET (UKAEA) — JET의 마지막 중수소-삼중수소 실험, 단 0.2 mg 연료로." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-jet-69mj-2024", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-jet-69mj-2024" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "source": { "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/new-world-record-set-in-jet-s-final-fusion-experim", "type": "press", "publisher": "UKAEA / EUROfusion", "publishedDate": "2024-02" } }, { "id": "q-logical-2023", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "48 logical qubits demonstrated", "ko": "48 논리적 qubit 실증" }, "summary": { "en": "Harvard / QuEra — First programmable logical processor running algorithms on dozens of error-corrected qubits.", "ko": "Harvard / QuEra — 수십 개의 오류정정 qubit으로 알고리즘을 돌린 첫 프로그래머블 논리 프로세서." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-logical-2023", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-logical-2023" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "source": { "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06927-3", "type": "paper", "publisher": "Harvard / QuEra / Nature", "publishedDate": "2023-12" } }, { "id": "s-china-htrpm-2023", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "HTR-PM pebble-bed SMR commercial", "ko": "HTR-PM 페블베드 SMR 상업운전" }, "summary": { "en": "China (Huaneng / Tsinghua) — World's first commercial pebble-bed high-temperature gas-cooled SMR.", "ko": "중국 (화능 / 칭화대) — 세계 최초 상업용 페블베드 고온가스로 SMR." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-china-htrpm-2023", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-china-htrpm-2023" }, "fieldId": "smr", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_modular_reactor", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "q-1000-2023", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-10", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First 1,000+ qubit processor", "ko": "첫 1,000+ qubit 프로세서" }, "summary": { "en": "Atom Computing / IBM — Atom Computing (1,180) and IBM Condor (1,121) both crossed 1,000 physical qubits.", "ko": "Atom Computing / IBM — Atom Computing(1,180)과 IBM Condor(1,121)가 물리적 qubit 1,000개를 돌파." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-1000-2023", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-1000-2023" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "source": { "url": "https://singularityhub.com/2023/10/25/atom-computing-says-new-quantum-computer-is-first-to-hit-1000-qubits/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Atom Computing", "publishedDate": "2023-10" } }, { "id": "e-ehang-tc-2023", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-10", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "World's first eVTOL type certificate", "ko": "세계 첫 eVTOL 형식증명" }, "summary": { "en": "EHang — China's CAAC certified the autonomous EH216-S — the first passenger eVTOL type certificate anywhere.", "ko": "EHang — 중국 CAAC가 자율비행 EH216-S를 인증 — 세계 첫 승객 eVTOL 형식증명." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/e-ehang-tc-2023", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/e-ehang-tc-2023" }, "fieldId": "evtol", "source": { "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/10/13/2759806/0/en/EHang-Successfully-Obtains-Type-Certificate-for-EH216-S-Passenger-Carrying-UAV-System-Issued-by-Civil-Aviation-Administration-of-China.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "EHang / GlobeNewswire", "publishedDate": "2023-10" } }, { "id": "a-sf-2023", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-08", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Paid driverless approved in San Francisco", "ko": "샌프란시스코 유료 무인 승인" }, "summary": { "en": "Waymo — Regulators allowed 24/7 paid driverless service in a major dense city.", "ko": "Waymo — 대형 밀집 도시에서 24시간 유료 무인 서비스 허가." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/a-sf-2023", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/a-sf-2023" }, "fieldId": "av", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waymo", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "bat-samsung-sline-2023", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First solid-state pilot line (S-line)", "ko": "첫 전고체 파일럿 라인(S라인)" }, "summary": { "en": "Samsung SDI — Samsung SDI began running a dedicated sulfide solid-state pilot line, shipping sample cells to automakers — the first major maker to move from lab to a pilot production line.", "ko": "삼성SDI — 삼성SDI가 전용 황화물 전고체 파일럿 라인 가동을 시작해 완성차에 샘플 셀 공급 — 주요 제조사 중 처음으로 랩에서 파일럿 양산 라인으로 이행." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/bat-samsung-sline-2023", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/bat-samsung-sline-2023" }, "fieldId": "battery", "relatedActors": [ "samsung-sdi" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.samsungsdi.com/sdi-news/", "type": "press", "publisher": "Samsung SDI", "publishedDate": "2025" } }, { "id": "bat-catl-condensed-2023", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-04", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "~500 Wh/kg condensed cell unveiled", "ko": "약 500Wh/kg 응축형 셀 공개" }, "summary": { "en": "CATL — CATL announced a 'condensed' (semi-solid) cell rated ~500 Wh/kg — the first credible claim to roughly double conventional energy density, initially aimed at aviation.", "ko": "CATL — CATL이 약 500Wh/kg급 '응축형'(반고체) 셀을 발표 — 기존 에너지 밀도를 약 두 배로 끌어올린 첫 신뢰성 있는 주장, 초기 타깃은 항공." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/bat-catl-condensed-2023", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/bat-catl-condensed-2023" }, "fieldId": "battery", "relatedActors": [ "catl" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.catl.com/en/news/6017.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "CATL", "publishedDate": "2023-04" } }, { "id": "ai-gpt4-2023", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First model trained at 1e25 FLOP", "ko": "첫 1e25 FLOP 학습 모델" }, "summary": { "en": "OpenAI (GPT-4) — GPT-4 was the first model at the 1e25 FLOP scale; over 30 models from 12 developers have since crossed it.", "ko": "OpenAI (GPT-4) — GPT-4가 1e25 FLOP 규모의 첫 모델; 이후 12개 개발사의 30여 모델이 이를 넘어섬." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-gpt4-2023", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-gpt4-2023" }, "fieldId": "agi", "relatedActors": [ "openai" ], "source": { "url": "https://epoch.ai/data-insights/models-over-1e25-flop", "type": "db", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "publishedDate": "2025" } }, { "id": "s-nuscale-2023", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2023-01", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First SMR design certified by US NRC", "ko": "미국 NRC 첫 SMR 설계 인증" }, "summary": { "en": "NuScale Power — NuScale's design became the only SMR certified by the US regulator.", "ko": "NuScale Power — NuScale 설계가 미국 규제기관이 인증한 유일한 SMR이 됨." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-nuscale-2023", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-nuscale-2023" }, "fieldId": "smr", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NuScale_Power", "type": "db", "publisher": "US NRC / NuScale", "publishedDate": "2023-01" } }, { "id": "f-nif-ignition-2022", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2022-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Scientific breakeven — first ignition (Q>1)", "ko": "과학적 손익분기 — 첫 점화 (Q>1)" }, "summary": { "en": "NIF / LLNL — 3.15 MJ out from 2.05 MJ of laser energy in — the first lab fusion gain.", "ko": "NIF / LLNL — 레이저 투입 2.05 MJ → 산출 3.15 MJ — 실험실 최초의 핵융합 이득." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-nif-ignition-2022", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-nif-ignition-2022" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "source": { "url": "https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-national-laboratory-makes-history-achieving-fusion-ignition", "type": "press", "publisher": "US DOE / LLNL", "publishedDate": "2022-12" } }, { "id": "st-tiangong-2022", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2022-11", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "China completes the Tiangong station", "ko": "중국, 톈궁 정거장 완성" }, "summary": { "en": "China — China finished its three-module Tiangong station — a crewed government station, and a competitive backdrop for commercial LEO.", "ko": "중국 — 중국이 3모듈 톈궁 정거장 완성 — 유인 정부 정거장으로, 상업 LEO의 경쟁 배경." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/st-tiangong-2022", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/st-tiangong-2022" }, "fieldId": "station", "relatedActors": [ "china" ], "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiangong_space_station", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2022" } }, { "id": "ai-chatgpt-2022", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2022-11", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "ChatGPT brings AI to the mainstream", "ko": "ChatGPT, AI를 대중화" }, "summary": { "en": "OpenAI — ChatGPT reached 100M users in two months — the fastest-adopted app to date and AI's consumer inflection point.", "ko": "OpenAI — ChatGPT가 2개월 만에 1억 사용자 — 당시 가장 빠르게 채택된 앱이자 AI의 소비자 변곡점." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/ai-chatgpt-2022", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/ai-chatgpt-2022" }, "fieldId": "agi", "relatedActors": [ "openai" ], "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChatGPT", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2022-11" } }, { "id": "sc-gaa-2022", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2022-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First gate-all-around (GAA) node", "ko": "첫 GAA(게이트올어라운드) 노드" }, "summary": { "en": "Samsung — Samsung's 3nm was the first to ship GAA transistors, the architecture now succeeding FinFET at the frontier.", "ko": "삼성 — 삼성 3nm이 GAA 트랜지스터를 첫 양산 — FinFET을 잇는 프런티어 구조." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/sc-gaa-2022", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/sc-gaa-2022" }, "fieldId": "fab", "relatedActors": [ "samsung" ], "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_nm_process", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "st-cld-2021", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2021-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "NASA funds commercial station designs", "ko": "NASA, 상업 정거장 설계 지원" }, "summary": { "en": "NASA (CLD) — NASA's Commercial LEO Destinations program funded Orbital Reef, Starlab and a Northrop concept to seed ISS successors.", "ko": "NASA (CLD) — NASA의 상업 LEO 목적지(CLD) 프로그램이 Orbital Reef·Starlab·Northrop 개념을 지원해 ISS 후속을 씨앗 뿌림." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/st-cld-2021", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/st-cld-2021" }, "fieldId": "station", "source": { "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/commercial-space-stations/", "type": "db", "publisher": "NASA", "publishedDate": "2025" } }, { "id": "h-hyundai-bostondynamics-2021", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2021-06", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Hyundai acquires Boston Dynamics (80%)", "ko": "현대차, 보스턴 다이내믹스 인수 (80%)" }, "summary": { "en": "Hyundai Motor Group — Hyundai Motor Group completed its acquisition of a controlling 80% stake in Boston Dynamics from SoftBank (valuing it at $1.1B) — bringing the Atlas humanoid maker in-house and positioning the group as a humanoid frontrunner.", "ko": "현대자동차그룹 — 현대차그룹이 소프트뱅크로부터 보스턴 다이내믹스 지배지분 80% 인수 완료(기업가치 $1.1B) — Atlas 휴머노이드 제조사를 그룹 내로 편입하며 휴머노이드 선두주자로 자리매김." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/h-hyundai-bostondynamics-2021", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/h-hyundai-bostondynamics-2021" }, "fieldId": "humanoid", "relatedActors": [ "hyundai" ], "source": { "url": "https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/newsroom/detail/hyundai-motor-group-completes-acquisition-of-boston-dynamics-from-softbank-0000000516", "type": "press", "publisher": "Hyundai Motor Group", "publishedDate": "2021-06" } }, { "id": "f-east-160m", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2021-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "160 million °C plasma", "ko": "1.6억°C 플라즈마" }, "summary": { "en": "EAST (ASIPP) — Peak ion temperature ~10× the sun's core — the heat fusion needs.", "ko": "EAST (ASIPP) — 최고 이온 온도 태양 중심의 약 10배 — 핵융합에 필요한 열." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-east-160m", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-east-160m" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "source": { "url": "http://english.hf.cas.cn/new/news/rn/202105/t20210531_271401.html", "type": "press", "publisher": "ASIPP / CAS", "publishedDate": "2021-05" } }, { "id": "a-waymo-2020", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2020-10", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First public driverless robotaxi", "ko": "첫 대중 무인 로보택시" }, "summary": { "en": "Waymo — Waymo One opened fully driverless rides to the public in Phoenix.", "ko": "Waymo — Waymo One이 피닉스에서 완전 무인 운행을 일반에 개시." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/a-waymo-2020", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/a-waymo-2020" }, "fieldId": "av", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waymo", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "s-russia-2020", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2020-05", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First floating SMR online", "ko": "첫 부유식 SMR 가동" }, "summary": { "en": "Rosatom — Akademik Lomonosov began commercial operation in Pevek with two 35 MWe KLT-40S reactors.", "ko": "Rosatom — Akademik Lomonosov가 35 MWe급 KLT-40S 2기로 페벡에서 상업운전 개시." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-russia-2020", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-russia-2020" }, "fieldId": "smr", "source": { "url": "https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-are-small-modular-reactors-smrs", "type": "db", "publisher": "IAEA", "publishedDate": "2025" } }, { "id": "q-sycamore-2019", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2019-10", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "Quantum supremacy (Sycamore)", "ko": "양자 우위 (Sycamore)" }, "summary": { "en": "Google — 53-qubit chip did in minutes a task framed as intractable for classical supercomputers.", "ko": "Google — 53-qubit 칩이 고전 슈퍼컴엔 사실상 불가능하다고 본 작업을 수 분 만에 수행." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/q-sycamore-2019", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/q-sycamore-2019" }, "fieldId": "quantum", "source": { "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1666-5", "type": "paper", "publisher": "Google / Nature", "publishedDate": "2019-10" } }, { "id": "sc-euv-2019", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2019", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "EUV lithography reaches volume production", "ko": "EUV 리소그래피 양산 도달" }, "summary": { "en": "ASML / TSMC — TSMC's 7nm+ became the first high-volume node using ASML's extreme-ultraviolet machines — the tool that unlocked everything below 7nm.", "ko": "ASML / TSMC — TSMC 7nm+가 ASML의 극자외선 장비를 쓴 첫 대량 양산 노드 — 7nm 이하를 연 도구." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/sc-euv-2019", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/sc-euv-2019" }, "fieldId": "fab", "relatedActors": [ "asml" ], "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_ultraviolet_lithography", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "s-reflight-2017", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2017-03", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First reflight of an orbital booster", "ko": "궤도 부스터 첫 재비행" }, "summary": { "en": "SpaceX — Booster B1021 flew a second time (SES-10) — proving an orbital rocket can be reused, not just recovered.", "ko": "SpaceX — 부스터 B1021이 두 번째로 비행(SES-10) — 궤도 로켓이 회수를 넘어 재사용 가능함을 입증." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-reflight-2017", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-reflight-2017" }, "fieldId": "space", "source": { "url": "https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/03/spacex-historic-falcon-9-re-flight-ses-10/", "type": "press", "publisher": "NASASpaceflight", "publishedDate": "2017-03" } }, { "id": "s-landing-2015", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2015-12", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First orbital booster landing", "ko": "첫 궤도 부스터 착륙" }, "summary": { "en": "SpaceX — Falcon 9 became the first rocket to land its first stage after an orbital launch (Dec 21, 2015).", "ko": "SpaceX — Falcon 9이 궤도 발사 후 1단을 착륙시킨 최초의 로켓이 됨 (2015년 12월 21일)." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/s-landing-2015", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/s-landing-2015" }, "fieldId": "space", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_9_first-stage_landing_tests", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2015-12" } }, { "id": "b-braingate-2004", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2004", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First human cortical implant for control", "ko": "첫 사람 피질 이식 제어" }, "summary": { "en": "BrainGate — A paralyzed person controlled a cursor via a 96-channel Utah array — the field's proof of concept.", "ko": "BrainGate — 마비 환자가 96채널 유타 어레이로 커서를 제어 — 분야의 개념 증명." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/b-braingate-2004", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/b-braingate-2004" }, "fieldId": "bci", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrainGate", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2004" } }, { "id": "st-iss-2000", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "2000-11", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "ISS begins continuous human presence", "ko": "ISS 상시 유인 거주 시작" }, "summary": { "en": "ISS partners — Humans have lived aboard the ISS without a break since November 2000 — the legacy these stations must carry on.", "ko": "ISS 참여국 — 2000년 11월 이후 사람이 끊김 없이 ISS에 거주 — 이 정거장들이 이어야 할 유산." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/st-iss-2000", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/st-iss-2000" }, "fieldId": "station", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station", "type": "db", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publishedDate": "2026" } }, { "id": "f-jet-1997", "kind": "note", "isOpinion": false, "date": "1997-11", "milestoneStatus": "achieved", "title": { "en": "First major tokamak energy gain", "ko": "토카막 첫 대규모 에너지 이득" }, "summary": { "en": "JET (UKAEA) — 16 MW peak fusion power, Q ≈ 0.67 — the benchmark for 25 years.", "ko": "JET (UKAEA) — 최대 16 MW 핵융합 출력, Q ≈ 0.67 — 25년간의 기준점." }, "url": { "en": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/notes/f-jet-1997", "ko": "https://news.frontiermilestones.org/ko/notes/f-jet-1997" }, "fieldId": "fusion", "source": { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_European_Torus", "type": "db", "publisher": "JET (UKAEA)", "publishedDate": "1997-11" } } ] }