How far an aircraft has progressed through the FAA's 5-stage type-certification process — the real finish line before US passenger service. Joby completed Stage 4 in 2026; Stage 5 is the certificate itself. (China's EHang is already certified via a separate regulator for its autonomous model.)
Joby has cleared four of the FAA's five certification stages, Dubai certified the first purpose-built vertiport, and EHang has been type-certified in China since 2023. Nobody is flying paying passengers at scale, and the field's binding constraint is cash against a certification clock.
An eVTOL can fly thousands of test flights and still not be allowed to carry a paying passenger. The gate is FAA type certification — a five-stage process — and it, not flashy demos, is the real finish line.
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Joby Aviation 
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